Background
Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing and dispensing medications and the provision of drug and related information to the public. Pharmacy is basically a knowledge system which renders a health service by concerning itself with understanding drugs and their effects. It is the profession responsible for the appropriate use of medications, devices and services in order to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. A pharmacist, then, is one who is educated and licensed to dispense drugs and to provide drug information- an expert on drugs.
The pharmacist’s intimate knowledge of drug actions, drug therapy, dosage form design and utilization, avail pharmaceutical products, and drug information sources makes him or her vital member of the health care team. The pharmacist is entrusted with the legal responsibility for the procurement, storage, control and distribution of effective pharmaceutical products and for the compounding and filling of prescription orders. Utilizing extensive training and knowledge, the pharmacist serves the patient as an advisor on drugs and encourages their safe and proper utilization. The pharmacist delivers pharmaceutical services in a variety of community and institutional health care environments and effectively utilizes recordkeeping and monitoring techniques in safeguarding the public health.
The purpose of introducing Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honors) curriculum in Varendra University is to introduce beginning pharmacy students to the technologic and scientific principles underlying the preparation of dosage forms and drug delivery systems and to their use in patient care. Through an integrated course curriculum students will gain an understanding of the interrelationships between physical pharmacy principles, biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, dosage form design, product formulation, small- and large-scale product manufacture, and the clinical application of pharmaceuticals in patient care.
Mission and Goal
The subject of globalization and its impact nationally and internationally have generated an intense academic interest and have already produced an enormous amount of literature. Globalization offers both opportunities and challenges. It is contended that Bangladesh with its weak economy and only a few exportable cannot find many advantages to be harnessed from globalization. Especially the growth in pharmaceutical industry is very promising. About 280 pharmaceutical companies are engaged in manufacturing medicines in Bangladesh. Some of the leading companies are exporting pharmaceutical dosage forms to about 87 countries. These industries follow good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines by WHO. Bangladesh is also seriously in the way of meeting legal procedures to export drugs to Europe and the USA along with the Asian and African countries.
The professional opportunities and scopes that have been created for the pharmacy graduates in this context are enormous. Pharmacists working for pharmaceutical research, manufacturing, and distribution firms become involved in virtually every phase of drug product development, clinical testing, production, marketing, and management functions. Their knowledge of the basic and pharmaceutical sciences, dosage form design, and the technical aspects of production fits well with this major function of industrial pharmacy firms. Pharmacists with advanced degrees in the basic or pharmaceutical sciences, or in other areas of health care administration, marketing, law, or medicine contribute to their industrial employers in their respective areas of expertise.
In addition to the areas of drug research, product development , and production, many pharmacists in industry work in such varied areas as drug materials procurement; in public, trade, or professional relations; as scientific, technical, or professional information specialists; in liaison work with governmental agencies, educational or research institutions, or professional organizations; or in marketing, advertising, promotion, or pharmaceutical sales.
In government service, pharmacists perform professional and administrative functions, as in the development and implementation of health care programs in the design and enforcement of regulations
involving drug quality standards, good manufacturing practices, and drug distribution and utilization practices. Pharmacists also practice their profession in government supported hospitals, clinics, and specialized health care institutions.
The Varendra University with its quality and vision can help producing competent pharmacy graduates who will definitely contribute towards the nation building by participating in the pharmaceutical industry for the production and marketing of quality medicine.
Course Structure
A 4-year (8 semester) Pharmacy undergraduate program has been designed including topics of recent trends in this field. The principal objectives of this curriculum are
1) To impart scientific knowledge for the identification, formulations, preparation, standardization, quality control and uses of drugs, medicines and effective management of their distribution and sale.
2) To produce a skilled manpower to manage the affairs of hospital pharmacies, pharmaceutical industries, community pharmacy services, drug administration and other organizations in drug research, marketing, sales and administration.
3) To encourage research on different fields of pharmacy so as to develop newer techniques of formulation, quality control and standardization of drugs.
The core courses of the curriculum consist of the following subjects:
- Pharmaceutics includes pharmaceutical technology, industrial pharmacy, pharmaceutical microbiology, hospital pharmacy, dispensing, pharmaceutical marketing and sale, management, pharmacy law and administration, physical pharmaceutics, dosage form design, pharmaceutical engineering, cosmetology and biopharmaceutics & pharmacokinetics.
- Pharmaceutical chemistry includes both inorganic and organic chemistry, physical chemistry, synthetic and natural medicinal products, pharmaceutical analysis and quality control.
- Pharmacology includes general pharmacology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, drug interaction and toxicology.
- Pharmacognosy includes various aspects of natural crude drugs and other economic products of pharmaceutical importance, traditional medicine and forensic pharmacy.
- Physiology &pathology are considered as the basis of the pharmacology course given in advance years of study.
- Mathematics and biostatistics are required for pharmaceutical calculations of formulation and statistical analysis and interpretation of biological studies and experimental results.
- Computer course is included for understanding practical uses of computers in health services, research, manufacturing and quality assurance activities.
[N.B.: The course curriculum for B. Pharm (Honors) can be revised at any time to meet the global demand. The revised curriculum will be submitted to the competent authority, if required as per Private University Act.]
Academic System & Evaluation Method
1. Award of degree
Varendra University will award B. Pharm (Honors) degree to the students completing the required credits with a minimum CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) of 2.50 on a scale of 4.00. Required credits for B. Pharm degree is 156 credits as per the standard of International and Bangladesh Pharmacy Council.
2. Duration of a semester
The Pharmacy program consists of 8 (eight) semesters for B. Pharm spreading over four academic years. Duration of each semester is 24 working weeks, which may be divided into classes, preparatory leave and semester final examinations as follows:
| Working weeks | |
|---|---|
| i. Classes both Theoretical and Lab | 18 weeks |
| ii. Preparatory leave and semester final examination | 6 weeks |
|
Total = |
24 weeks |
Apart from the 24 working weeks, the university remains open for clearance/ improvement/ carryover examinations, finalization of results, and admission of students.
3.Admission
There are two semesters in every year (Summer and Spring). Admission for 1st semester is open in every semester. Notice for admission in B. Pharm will be published in different national dailies.
4.Admission Requirement
Students seeking admission to pursue the course for the degree of bachelor of pharmacy should have passed both the SSC & HSC with at least second division or total CGPA 6.5 (Individually at least 3.00) from Science group and must have chemistry, biology and mathematics. Besides, students who have passed 5 subjects in ‘O’ level and 2 subjects in ‘A’ level from science background must have Chemistry and Biology in both ‘A’ & ‘O’ level for admission in B.Pharm program.
5. Academic Standards
In keeping with the mission and goals in mind, the undergraduate program in pharmacy will strive to ensure high academic standards by implementing well-designed curricula, carefully selecting high quality students and faculty, utilizing modern and effective instructional methods and aides, and by continuously monitoring and vigorously evaluating all the pertinent activities and systems. A special feature of teaching will be the tutorial / workshop sessions designed to assist students in learning application of the concepts and theories.
6.Examination, Evaluation and Grading
- Examinations
The performance of a student in a theoretical course is estimated on the basis of:
a. Continuous assessment (Attendance, class performance, quizzes and/or assignments etc)
b. Semester final examination
c. Clearance examination (for clearance of the course not passed in the current semester or in the previous semester), if any
d. Improvement examination, if any
The performance of a student in a lab course will be based on attendance, class performance, practical examinations, etc.
- Grading System
The grading process will undoubtedly be transparent. The performance of the students is evaluated throughout the semester through class tests, quizzes, assignments, and midterm exams. End of semester evaluation includes final examinations, term papers, project reports etc. Numerical scores earned by a student in tests, examinations, assignments etc. are cumulated and converted to letter grades.
Calculation of Grade Point Average (GPA) can be explained as follows:
| Numerical Grade | Letter Grade | Grade Point |
|---|---|---|
| 80% or above | A+ | 4.00 |
| 75% to less than 80% | A | 3.75 |
| 70% to less than 75% | A- | 3.50 |
| 65% to less than 70% | B+ | 3.25 |
| 60% to less than 65% | B | 3.00 |
| 55% to less than 60% | B- | 2.75 |
| 50% to less than 55% | C+ | 2.50 |
| 45% to less than 50% | C | 2.25 |
| 40% to less than 45% | C- | 2.00 |
| Less than 40% | F | 0.00 |
Suppose a student has completed five courses in a semester and obtained the following grades:
| Courses | Credits | Grade | Grade Point |
|---|---|---|---|
| Course 1 | 3 | A+ | 4.00 |
| Course 2 | 3 | B | 3.00 |
| Course 3 | 3 | A | 3.75 |
| Course 4 | 2 | B+ | 3.25 |
| Course 5 | 1 | A- | 3.50 |
Then his/ her Grade Point Average (GPA) for the semester will be computed as follows:
GPA = 3(4.00) + 3(3.00) + 3(3.75) + 2(3.25) + 1(3.50)/(3 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 1)= 3.52
Thus, GPA= Sum of (Grade Points x Credits)/ Sum of credits attempted.
The distribution of marks for the performance evaluation is as follows:
i.Theory Courses
| Programs | Marks |
|---|---|
| 1. Quizzes/ Class Tests/ Assignments/Attendance | 30 |
| 2. Mid Term Examination | 30 |
| 3. Final Examination (comprehensive), Projects | 40 |
| Total Marks | 100 |
ii.Laboratory courses
| Programs | Marks |
|---|---|
| 1. Attendance | 05 |
| 2. Evaluation | 15.5 |
| 3. Experiments | 33 |
| 4. Experiment Result | 15.5 |
| 5. Report/Khata | 15.5 |
| 6. Viva Voce | 15.5 |
| Total Marks | 100 |
iii.Project work
Thesis / Project work will be spread over 7th semester. The mark distribution for the Thesis / Project will be as follows:
| Programs | Marks |
|---|---|
| 1. Attendance | 05 |
| 2. Evaluation | 20 |
| 3. Presentation & Viva | 25 |
| 4. Project Report | 50 |
iv.Class Attendance:
Class attendance is compulsory for every student. 10% of total marks in every course are allocated for attendance in classes and marks distribution will be proportional to the number of class.
First Semester
Course Code : BP 111
Course Title : Inorganic Pharmacy-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Structure of atoms: Elementary treatment of theories of atomic structure, quantum numbers, origin of spectral lines, Pauli’s exclusion principle, shapes of s, p, d, f orbitals.
2. Classification of elements: Modern periodic table and periodic law, variation of properties within periods and groups, usefulness and limitation of periodic table.
3. Chemical bonds: Electronic concept of valency, different types of chemical bonds, e.g., ionic, covalent, co-ordinate covalent, metallic, hydrophobic, hydrogen etc. Vander Waal's force, concept of atomic orbital, theories of covalent bonding, resonance and hybridization.
4. Water and hydrogen peroxide: Preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen peroxide, purified water and water for injection.
5. Oxidation reduction reactions: Definition, oxidation number, equivalent weight of oxidants and reductant, decomposition of drugs by redox reaction, ion electron method of balancing equation, importance and determination of redox potential.
Recommended Books:
1. Modern Inorganic Chemistry- S. Z. Haider
2. Concise Inorganic Chemistry- JD Lee
3. Textbook of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Rogers
4. Inorganic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Block and Wilson
5. Bentley and Driver’s Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. Modern Inorganic Chemistry – RD Madan.
Course Code : BP 112
Course Title : Organic Pharmacy
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course
1. General introduction: Historical background of organic chemistry, basic concepts on polarity (polar and non-polar solutes), ionization, carbonium ions, carbanion ions, hydride, protons, free-radicals, hydrogen bonding, electrophyle, nucleophyle, acids, bases, etc.
2. Chemistry of aliphatic compounds: Introduction, nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties and pharmaceutical applications of hydrocarbons (alkane, alkene and alkyne), alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ester, ethers, amines, amides and carboxylic acids.
3. Chemistry of aromatic compounds:
a. Aromaticity, resonanace and orientation
b. Preparations, properties, reactions and pharmaceutical importance of phenols, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, benzylaldehyde and diazonium compounds.
4. Heterocyclic compounds
Aromaticity, general methods of preparation and properties of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyridine, thiazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, indole and their pharmaceutical importance.
Recommended Books:
1. Textbook of Organic Chemistry- Bahl and Bahl
2. Introduction to Organic Chemistry- Bahl and Bahl
3. Organic Chemistry- Morrison and Boyd
4. Organic Chemistry (Vol I and II)- Finar
5. Fieser’s Reagents for Organic Synthesis - Feiser
Course Code : BP 113
Course Title : Physical Pharmacy-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Properties of matters:
a. Gases state: Properties of gases, gas laws, diffusion of gases, kinetic theory of gases, Van der waal’s equation, principle of corresponding states, liquefaction of gases, uses of liquefied gas.
b. Liquid state:
i) Vaporization and vapor pressure, measurement of vapor pressure.
ii) Surface tension, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, measurement, application in pharmacy.
iii) Viscosity, Poiseuillies’s equation and measurement of viscosity.
iv) Application in pharmacy.
c. The solid state: General properties of solids, types of solid, symmetry, types of crystal, X-ray diffraction, melting point, polymorphism and dilatometric analysis of compounds, Bragg’s equation, measurement of diffraction angle, isomorphism, crystal defects, liquid crystal.
2. Solutions: Types and properties of solution, units of concentration, ideal and real solutions, Henry's law and distribution law, colligative properties of dilute solutions, partial coefficient.
3.
a. Ionic equilibrium: Proton theory of acids and bases, ionization of water, pH, determination of pH, titration curves of weak acids and bases, ionic strength.
b. Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action, criteria of chemical equilibrium, determination of equilibrium constant, application of law of mass action to homogenous and heterogeneous equilibrium, Le-Chatelier principle and its application.
4.
a. Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics, work, energy and heat, heat change at constant volume and constant pressure, reversible, irreversible, isothermal and adiabatic and spontaneous changes, enthalpy and heat content, Gibb's free energy change.
b. Thermochemistry: Heat of reaction and Hess's law of constant heat summation.
Recommended Books:
1. Principle of Physical Chemistry- Haque and Nawab
2. Physical Chemistry- P. W. Atkins
3. Martin’s Physical Pharmacy- A. Martin and J. Swarbrick
4. Essential of Physical Chemistry- Bahl and Tuli
Course Code : BP 114
Course Title : Pharmacognosy-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. General introduction: Definition, scope, historical background of pharmacognosy, it’s relation to other disciplines of pharmacy.
2. Drug literatures and publications: Pharmacopoeia, formulary, pharmaceutical codex, index, official, unofficial, non-official and INN drugs (new drugs).
3. Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distribution, cultivation, collection, drying, storage, commerce and quality control, classification of crude drugs, evaluation of crude drugs, drug adulteration.
4. Phytochemistry: Extraction, separation (chromatographic techniques) and types of plant constituents, primary and secondary metabolites.
5. Lipids: Definition, classification, biosynthesis and physicochemical properties of lipids (Fats, oils and waxes), brief studies emphasizing on sources, chemical constituents and pharmaceutical uses of castor oil, linseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, chaulmoogra oil and beeswax.
6. Vitamins containing drugs: General introduction, cod liver oil, shark liver oil and hilsa fish liver oil.
7. Carbohydrate and related compounds: Definition, classification, properties and biosynthesis.
a. Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, sucrose, dextrose etc.
b. Polysaccharides and polysaccharide-containing drugs: Starch, dextrin, cellulose etc.
c. Gums and mucilages: Tragacanth, acacia, sodium alginate, agar etc.
8. Surgical dressing and fibers.
Recommended Books:
1. Pharmacognosy- Tyler and Brady
2. Pharmacognosy- E. P. Claus and V.E. Tyler
3. Trease and Evan’s Pharmacognosy- W.C. Evans
4. Textbook of Pharmacognosy- Mohammad Ali.
Course Code : ENG 115
Course Title : English Fundamental
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the course:
Grammar: Noun and pronoun, adjective (articles and determiners), verb and tense, subject-verb agreement, clause and sentence structure, making question (wh-question, yes/no questions, tag question), conjunction, preposition, active and passive voice
Reading: Reading comprehension (scanning and skimming, summarizing, critical reasoning)
Writing: Basics of paragraph and essay writing, CV writing, cover letter, joining and resignation letter
Public communication: Formal and informal English, spoken discourse, presentation
Recommended Books:
1. Intermediate English Grammar – Raymond Murphy
2. ABC of English Grammar – Jahurul Islam
3. Houghton Miffin English Grammar and Composition - Anne Cole Brown
4. Exercises in Reading Comprehension - E.L. Tibbitts
5. A Handbook of Paragraph Writing – Jahurul Islam
6. From Paragraph to Essay – Maurice Imhoof and Herman Hudson
7. How to Write First Class Business Correspondence – L. Sue Baugh, Maridell Fryer and David A. Thomas
8. Model Business Letters, Emails and other documents – Shirley Taylor
9. Function in English – Jon Blundell, Jonathan Higgens and Nigel Middlemiss
10. A course in Listening and Speaking I & II – V. Sasikumar, P. Kiranmai Dutt and Geetha Rajeevan
Course Code : BP 116
Course Title : Inorganic Pharmacy Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Qualitative and quantitive analysis of radicals: Basic radicals: Na, K, Ca, Ag, Mn, Fe, Co, Mg, Al, NH4, Cu and acid radicals: CO3, halides, citrates, SO4, SO3, NO3 etc.
2. Identification of unknown inorganic salts by qualitative analysis.
Course Code : BP117
Course Title : Organic Pharmacy Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
Qualitative analysis of organic compounds
a) Detection of elements
b) Identification of functional groups
c) Determination of melting points.
d) Test of purity.
Course Code : BP 118
Course Title : Physical Pharmacy-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Determination of molecular weight of substances like CHCl3, CCl4 by Victor Meyer's method.
a) Determination of molecular weight of inorganic salts by chemical method.
b) Determination of heats of solution of simple salts by calorimeter.
c) Determination of heats of solution of sparingly soluble samples in water by measuring solubility as a function of temperature (application of Vants- Hoff equation).
d) Determination of distribution coefficients of benzoic acid between (i) hexane and octane (ii) ether and water.
2. Determination of heat of neutralization of HCl with NaOH.
Course Code : BP 119
Course Title : Pharmacognosy-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Study of some medicinal plants
2. Identification of plant leaves, their botanical name, nature and medicinal uses
3. Identification of sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, pantose, sucrose etc) by routine tests of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry-I
Second Semester
Course Code : BP 121
Course Title : Inorganic Pharmacy-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. General properties, preparation and uses of pharmaceutically important elements and salts -sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, aluminium, zinc, iodine, sulfur, boric acid, selenium and cadmium.
2. Gastrointestinal agents: Antacids, its preparations and applications (Al and Mg), protective and adsorbents; saline cathartics; their preparations with applications.
3. Radioactive elements: Radioactivity, types of radiation, storage of radioactive products. chemistry, properties, uses of some radioactive compounds in pharmacy.
4. Topical agents: Antimicrobial, astringents and protective.
5. Environmental chemistry
a) Environmental pollutants: Gases (SO2, SO3, CO, NO, HCl, NO2 etc.), hydrocarbons, cigarette smoke, suspended particulate, pesticides, gasoline and industrial waste, the detrimental effects of pollutants.
b) Heavy metal toxicity: Mercury, arsenic, lead, iron and copper poisoning - prevention and treatment.
6. Impurities in medicinal substances: Source, principles, qualitative and quantitative analysis and test of purity.
Recommended Books:
1. Modern Inorganic Chemistry- S. Z. Haider
2. Concise Inorganic Chemistry- JD Lee
3. Textbook of Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Rogers
4. Inorganic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Block and Wilson
5. Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics- Bentley, Rawlins
6. Modern Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry- Discher.
Course Code : BP 122
Course Title : Physical Pharmacy-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the course:
1. Reaction kinetics and stability of pharmaceuticals: Chemical kinetics, drug decomposition, stabilization of medicinal products, accelerated stability testing and catalysis.
2. Phase equilibria: Phase, components and degree of freedom, the phase rule, and its thermodynamic deviation, the phase diagram of water and sulphur systems, partially miscible liquid pails: the phenol and water, nicotine and water system, completely miscible liquid pails and their separation by functional distillation, freeze drying (lypophilization).
3. Second and third laws of thermodynamics: Second law of thermodynamics entropy, Gibb's free energy, third law of thermodynamics.
4. Electrochemistry:
a. Conductance of electrolytes, concept of E. M. F, electrode, various types of electrochemical cells, relation between electrical and chemical energies, oxidation-reduction systems, solutions of electrolytes.
b. Electrode and cell potentials, energies involved in electrode processes; reference electrodes, buffer solutions, measurement of pH, potentiometric titration, concentration cell etc.
5. Surface and interfacial phenomena: Adsorption and interface, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, BET equation, electrical properties of interface, electrical double layer, Nernst and zeta potential, Gibb’s equation, spreading and surface active agent emulsifier, detergents and antifoaming agents, surfactants and drug activity, surfactants and pharmaceutical products.
6. Rheology: Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems, yield value, plastic, pseudoplastic and dilatant flow, thixotropy. Determination
of rheologic properties, viscoelasticity, psychorheology, application in pharmacy. Rheologic property of suspension.
Recommended Books:
1. Principle of Physical Chemistry- Haque and Nawab
2. Physical Chemistry- Atkins
3. Martin’s Physical Pharmacy- Martin
4. Essential of Physical Chemistry- Bahl and Tuli
5. Elements of Physical Chemistry- Lewis and Glasstone
Course Code : BP 123
Course Title : Physiology and Anatomy-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Cell and tissue:
a. Cell: Structure and function, cell inclusions, cell division.
b. Tissue: Definition, classification, structures and functions of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nervous tissue.
2. Body fluid: Fluid compartments, volume and composition of ECF, ICF, maintenance and regular of fluid volumes and their compositions.
3. I. Blood:
a. Plasma: Electrolytes, proteins and other organic constituents.
b. Blood cells: Formation and destruction, cell constituents, functions of different blood cells.
c. Haemoglobin: Structure and function, haemoglobinopathy, thalassemia.
d. Anaemia: Causes and classification.
e. Blood coagulation and anticoagulation.
f. Blood group and transfusion.
II. Lymph: Composition, function, circulation and function of lymph nodes and lymphatics.
4. Cardiovascular system:
a. Heart: Structure and properties of cardiac muscles, conduction system of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sound, cardiac out-put and ECG.
b. Blood vessels: Type of blood vessels and their function.
c. Blood pressure (BP): Measurements and regulation of BP, control of BP (neural and humoral).
d. Regional blood circulation: Pulmonary, hepatic, cerebral, capillary and coronary circulation.
5. Digestive system: Structure of the different parts of the alimentary tract, composition, function and regulation of the secretion of different digestive juices, digestion and absorption of food stuffs, movement of alimentary tract.
6. Respiratory system: Functional anatomy of the respiratory system, mechanism of respiration, lung volumes and capacities, gaseous exchange and transport (O2 and CO2), regulation of respiration (nervous and chemical), hypoxia-causes and classification, periodic (abnormal) breathing, Chene- stokes breathing, Kussmal breathing and breathing at high altitude.
7. Functions of different organs- Liver, spleen, kidney
Recommended Books:
1. Human Physiology (Vol I & II) by C. C. Chatterjee
2. Textbook of Medical Physiology- JE Hall, AC Guyton
3. Review of Medical Physiology by W. F. Ganong
Course Code : BP 124
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction: Historical development, scope of microbiology with special reference to pharmaceutical sciences.
2. Sterilization: Principle of sterilization, classification, factors affecting thermal sterilization, sterilization by heat, gas, radiation and filtration, aseptic technique and sterility testing.
3. Microscopy: Bright field, dark field, fluorescence, phase contrast and electron microscopy, microscopic examination of microorganisms, wet mount, hanging drop techniques and microbial staining.
4. Virus:
a) General properties, classification and nomenclature, morphology, multiplication and cultivation.
a) Bacteriophage: Morphology and life cycle.
5. Bacteria:
a) General characteristics of bacteria.
b) General and cellular morphology: Size, shape, fine structures and movement.
c) Cultivation of bacteria: Nutritional requirements, factors affecting growth, bacteriological media.
d) Reproduction and growth: Modes of cell division, normal growth cycle, growth curve, synchronous growth and measurement of growth.
e) Pure culture and cultural characteristics: Methods of isolation, maintenance and preservation of pure cultures, colony characteristics and characteristics of broth culture.
6. a) Fungi : Morphology, classification, pharmaceutical importance etc.
b) Brief study of rickettsia and actinomycetes.
7. Microbial contaminants of pharmaproducts: Definition, factors affecting the microbial contamination, principles of microbiological analysis, bioassay of antibiotics, vitamins, microbial count for antacids and water.
Recommended Books:
1. Microbiology- Pelczar, Kreig and Chan
2. Microbiology: An Introduction- Tortora, Funkee and Case
3. Pharmaceutical Microbiology- Harris
4. Modern Medical Microbiology- M. R. Choudhury
Course Code : BP 125
Course Title : Biostatistics
Course Credit: 2.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction: Application in pharmacy, sample and population, simple and random sampling, sampling distribution and standard error, graphical and diagrammatic representation
2. Measures of central tendency: Mean (arithmetic, geometric and harmonic) median and mode.
3. Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, co-efficient of variation and standard deviation.
4. Bio-statistics and pharmaceutical calculation: Dosage calculation, statistical methods utilized in pharmaceutics, ANOVA, design of experiment.
5. Probability Distribution: Normal, binomial and poisson distribution, derivation means and variances.
6. Basic idea of significance test: Properties of distribution, distribution test and significance of distribution test, the correlation of measurements and regression analysis.
7. Study design: Experimental and non-experimental design, cross sectional study, cohort study, case-control study.
Recommended Books:
An Introduction to the Theory of Statistics – R.N.Shil.
Course Code : CSE 126
Course Title : Computer Fundamental
Course Credit: 2.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Computer basics: Concept of computing, history & generations of computer, algorithms & flowcharts, types of computers.
2. Computer hardware and peripherals: Basics of computer hardware, central processing unit, input/output devices, memory and storage, network devices, computer interfacing.
3. Software: Software and its classifications, system software& application software, different operating systems, computer virus, software maintenance.
I. Word processing (MS word): Creating, saving and updating document, components of editor, document formatting& printing, advanced editing facilities, working with table, symbols, equation, pictures and drawing, envelops, labels, mail merge.
II. Spreadsheet analysis (MS excel): Concept of spreadsheet, illustration of cell, number and formatting of cell, inserting and deleting of row & column, changing height & width; freezing &unfreezing pane, hiding and unhiding of row and column, paste special, auto fill, working with formulas, conditional formatting, sorting, data filtering, chart and graphs, report printing.
III. Presentation software (power point): Creating, formatting and editing presentation, inserting and deleting slides, viewing slides, applying design, slide transaction, animation, embedding audio & video, slide show.
4. The Internet: The world wide web, getting connected to the web, browsing, search engines, locating information on the web, email.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Computer- Peter Norton
2. Computer Systems- J. Stanley Warford
3. Computer Fundamentals- Dr. M. Lutfar Rahman and Dr. M. Alamgir Hossain
4. Computers and Business Information Processing- William S. Davis
5. Introduction to Computers- Subramanian
Course Code : BP 127
Course Title : Physical Pharmacy-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Determination of viscosity of pure liquids such as glycerin, alcohol and nitrobenzene using Ostwald viscometer.
2. Study of variation of a liquid with temperature using Ostwald viscometer.
3. Determination of absorption isotherm of oxalic (or acetic) acid from aqueous solution by charcoal and calculation of the constant in Frendlich's equation.
4. Determination of titration curve for the titration of a weak base-with a strong acid and a strong base with a weak acid pH metrically and hence-finding their strengths.
5. Determination of solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in water by conductance measurement.
6. Determination of the molecular weight of an organic solid like camphor by cryoscopy.
7. Determination of the molecular weight of a solid like naphthalene by ebullioscopy.
8. Determination of dissociation constants of some organic weak acids by potentiometric method.
Course Code : BP 128
Course Title : Physiology and Anatomy-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Study of compound microscope
2. Microscopically study of blood cells
3. Different types of WBC, RBC and platelets
4. Examination of hemoglobin.
5. Differential count of WBC
6. Total count of RBC and WBC
7. Determination of clotting and bleeding time
8. Examination of clot under the microscope
9. Effect of chemical agents of RBC
10. Fragility test of RBC
11. Determination of erythrocytes sedimentation rate
12. Examination of hem in crystals.
13. Determination of blood group.
14. Measurement of blood pressure by sphygmomanometer.
Course Code : BP 129
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Microbiology Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Preparation of bacterial media
2. Culture of bacteria
3. Identification and characterization of bacteria
4. Staining of bacterial cells and spores
5. Preparation of pure cultures and its identification
6. Bacterial counts
7. Identification and characterization of fungus.
Course Code : BP 130
Course Title : Oral Assessment
Course Credit: 1.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
Oral assessment will be held on the basis of the courses studied during the semester.
Third Semester
Course Code : BP 211
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Analysis-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction of pharmaceutical analysis: Importance of both qualitative and quantitative analysis in pharmaceutical quality control, sampling, precision and accuracy of representative samples, methods of expressing concentrations, primary and secondary standard substances.
2. Aqueous acid-base titrations: Acid base concepts, distribution of acid base species with pH of the medium acid-base titration for determination of weakly acidic and basic pharmaceuticals, indicators theory, selection and applications.
3. Oxidation-reduction titrations: Principles and concepts, determination involving potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate and potassium bromide and iodometric determination, miscellaneous oxidation and reduction titrations, indicators and applications.
4. Complexometric titrations: Introduction, complexes and chelates, stability of complex ions, titrations based on complex formation types of complexometric titrations technique employed in chelatometric titration, methods of end point detection, titration selectivity and masking reagents.
5. Non-aqueous acid base titrations: Theoretical considerations and principles of Bronsted Lowry theory of acids and bases, non-aqueous solvents, titration of weak acids and weak bases applications and scope of non aqueous titration.
6. Determination of moisture content in pharmaceutical products: Principle and scope, physical and chemical methods of water determination. Karl-Fischer principle, procedure, chemistry, methodology, equipment, end point defection and limitations.
7. Principles of microbiological analysis of antibiotics and vitamins
Recommended Books:
1. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis (Vol I & II)- Chatten
2. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis – K. A. Connors
3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Vol I & II)- Vogel
4. British Pharmacopoeia
5. United State Pharmacopoeia
Course Code : BP 212
Course Title : Bio-molecular Pharmacy
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Amino acids and proteins: Introduction, definition, structure, acidity and basicity, iso-electric point, relations and chemical synthesis of amino acids, essential and nonessential amino acids, peptide synthesis and denaturation, classification, important reactions, sequence determination, test of purity, protein as drugs.
2. Carbohydrates: Chemistry, isomerism, stereochemistry, aldoses, ketoses, oxidation, effect of alkali, synthesis of aldoses and ketoses by various methods, optical activity, hemiacetal and acetal forms of glucose, ring size determination, disaccharides, structure determination of polysaccharides, starch, cellulose, glycogen.
3. Lipids: Chemistry, biosynthesis of fats and fatty acids, catabolism, fatty acid cycle, -oxidation, ketone bodies, ketosis, ketourea, ketoacidosis, lactic acid and acidosis, phosphoglycerides, bile salts.
4. Nucleicacids: Chemistry of nucleic acids, bases, nucleosides and nucleotides, polynucleotides, nucleoproteins, RNA, DNA, codons, anticodons, polypeptides, genetic engineering and its application in pharmacy.
5. Enzymes and coenzymes: Chemistry, classification, catalytic activity, enzyme specificity, mechanism of enzyme actions, enzyme catalyzed reactions, coenzymes thiamine pyrophosphate, flavin coenzyme, TH4,pentothenic acid, NAD+, NADPH, pyridoxal pyrophosphate, biotin, vitamin B12, co-enzymes, etc.
Recommended Books:
1. Textbook of Organic Chemistry- Bahl and Bahl
2. Introduction to Organic Chemistry- Bahl and Bahl
3. Organic Chemistry- Morrison and Boyd
4. Organic Chemistry (Vol I and II)- Finar
5. Feisers’ Reagents for Organic Synthesis- Fieser
6. Fundamentals of Biochemistry by A.C. Deb
Course Code : BP 213
Course Title : Pharmacognosy-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Phytochemistry and pharmaceutical uses of the following plant constituents:
I. Glycosides and glycoside-containing drugs: Classification and biosynthesis of glycosides.
a) Phenols and phenolic glycosides:
i) Simple phenols: vanilla, capsicum.
ii) Tannins: galls or nutgall, hamamelis.
iii) Anthraquinone glycosides: cascara sagrada, aloe, senna, rhubarb.
b) Saponins, cardioactive drugs and other steroids.
i) Steroidal saponin: sarsaparilla root, ginseng, glycerhizia.
ii) Pentocyclic triterpenoid saponin: liquorice root.
iii) Cardioactive glycosides: digitalis, strophanthus, squill.
iv) Cyanogenic glycoside: wild cherry, mustard.
v) Miscellaneous: gentain, valerian root, quassia, fish betries, santonica flower, saffron.
II. Alkaloids:
a) Classification and biosynthesis of tropane, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole alkaloids.
b) Tropane: belladona, stramonium, hyoscyamus and coca leaf.
c) Quinoline: cinchona, cusparia bark.
d) lsoquinoline: ipecac, opium, sanguinaria, curare.
e) Indole: rauwolfia, nux vomica, ergot, catharanthus.
f) Imidazole: pilocarpine.
g) Steroidal: veretrum viride, aconite.
h) Norlupinane: lupinus sp.
i) Purine base: coffee, tea and cocoa.
III. Volatile oils and related terpenoids: Methods of obtaining volatile oils, chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important volatile oil.
a) Terpenes or sesquiterpenes: turpentine, juniper, cade.
b) Alcohols: coriander, sandalwood, rose.
c) Esters: peppermint, lavender, rosemary.
d) Aldehydes: cinnamon bark, lemon peel, lemon grass.
e) Ketones: spearmint, caraway, dill, camphor.
f) Phenols: clove, thyme, cinnamon leaf, ajowan
g) Ethers: fennel, nutmeg, eucalyptus, anise, cajunut.
h) Peroxides: chenopodium.
i) Others: wintergreen, bitter almond.
2. Poisonous plants and natural pesticides: Datura, poison hemlock, water hemlock, ipomoea, tobacco, pyrethurm flower, derris, lonchocarpus, strychnine, neem etc.
3. Phenolic compounds and tannins: Chemical nature and test for tannins, some tannin containing drugs such as nutgall and catechu.
4. Resin and resin combinations (resin, oleoresin, oleo gum resin, balsam): Jalap, cannabis, capsicum, ginger, myrrh, tolu balsam, and benzoin.
Recommended Books:
5. Pharmacognosy- Tyler and Brady
6. Pharmacognosy- E. P. Claus and V.E. Tyler
7. Trease and Evan’s Pharmacognosy - W.C. Evans
8. Textbook of Pharmacognosy - Mohammad Ali
Course Code : BP 214
Course Title : Physiology and Anatomy-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Nervous system: Properties of nerve cells, nerve impulses and their transmissions. Reflex action, principal afferent and efferent paths of CNS, functions of spinal cord and brain, the autonomic nervous system, properties of synapses and synaptic transmission. Autonomic nervous system; division and function.
2. Metabolism: Metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleoprotein. Vitamins and minerals, their physiological properties and function,
3. Excretory system: Structure and function of kidney, composition and formation of urine, renal circulation, renal regulation of acid base balance, renal diseases and kidney function tests, physiology of micturction, artificial kidney, basic principles, method and applications.
4. Temperature control: Heat production and heat dissipation, hypothalamus and nervous factors involved in body temperature regulation, function of skin.
5. Endocrine glands: Structure and function of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal, pancreas, testes and ovary.
6. Reproduction: Structure and function of testes, ovary, uterus and placenta. Menstrual and estrous cycles, diagnosis of pregnancy, estrogen, progesterone, androgens and gonadotropic hormones.
Recommended Books
1. Human Physiology (Vol I & II)– C. C. Chatterjee
2. Textbook of medical Physiology– Guyton and Hall.
3. Ganong’s review of Medical Physiology– E. Barrett.
Course Code : BP 215
Course Title : Basic Pharmaceutics-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Pre-formulation: Preliminary evaluation and molecular optimization, bulk characterization of the material, crystalinity and polymorphism, thermal properties, hygroscopicity, particle characterization, bulk density, powder flow properties, solubility analysis, pka determinations, pH solubility profile, effect of temperature, solubilization, partition co-efficient, dissolution, stability analysis, solution stability and solid state stability.
2. Pharmaceutical excipients: Chemistry, physical properties and uses of the following excipients acidifying agents, aerosol propellants, air displacement agents, alkalizing agents, anti-foaming agents, anti-microbial preservatives, anti-oxidants, buffering agents, chelating agents, colors, complexing agents, desiccants, emulsifying agents, flavoring agents and perfumes, glidants, anti-caking agents, humectant, ointment bases, plasticizer, solvents, stiffening agents, tablet binders, tablet/ capsule lubricants, tablet disintegrants, tonicity agent, water repelling agent, wetting & solubulizing agents.
3. Polymer science for pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical applications, physical, chemical and mechanical properties, molecular weight and distribution, polymer solution properties, plasticization and elastomers.
4. Pharmaceutical calculation: Mathematical principles, common and decimal fractions, exponents and power and root, logarithmic calculations, reducing and enlarging formulae, ratio and proportion, percentage calculations, ration strength, concentration measurement, dose calculation, specific volume, specific gravity, specific density.
5. General approaches to drug development: Drug approval process, pre-clinical testing, animal models, manufacturing issue, clinical trial design.
Recommended Books:
1. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper & Gunn
2. American Pharmacy- Sprowl.
3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences
4. Dispensing of Medication- Husa & martin
5. Pharmaceutical Practice- Aulton
6. An introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn
7. An introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions- Polderman
8. Pharmaceutical Calculations-Mitchell J. Stoklosa, Howard C. Ansel.
Course Code : BAN 216
Course Title : History of the Emergence of Bangladesh
Course Credit: 2.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
This course intends to provide the students with basic knowledge about the events and issues that led to the emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign state in 1971.
1. A brief survey of socio-political condition of pre-partition India since 1905
2. Partition of India in 1947
3. Language movement
4. Political parties and political personalities
5. Disparity between two wings of Pakistan
6. Military rule of Ayub Khan (1958-1969)
7. The six-point movement
8. Mass upsurge of 1969 and fall of Ayub Khan
9. Military rule of 1969 and Yehiya Khan
10. General election of 1970
11. The historic speech of 7 March by Bangabandhu Shaikh Mojibur Rahman and Non-cooperation movement
12. Genocide of 25 March, Mujibnagar government, the beginning of Liberation War and the emergence of Bangladesh
13. Surrender of arms by the ‘Mukti Bahine’ and withdrawal of Indian forces
14. Constitution of Bangladesh.
Books Recommended:
1. K.B. Sayeed, Political System of Pakistan.
2. ড. মো. মাহবুবর রহমান, বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস, ১৯৪৭-১৯৭১।
3. বশির আল হেলাল, ভাষা আন্দোলনের ইতিহাস।
4. আতিউর রহমান, মুক্তিযুদ্ধের প্রস্তুতিপর্ব : অসহযোগের দিনগুলি।
5. অমুলেন্দু দে, স্বাধীন বঙ্গভূমি গঠনের প্রয়াস ও পরিণতি।
6. সিরাজুল ইসলাম (সম্পা.), বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস, ১৭০৭-১৯৭১, ১ম, ২য় ও ৩য় খন্ড।
7. আবুল মাল আব্দুল মুহিত, বাংলাদেশ : জাতিরাষ্ট্রের উদ্ভব।
8. সৈয়দ আনোয়ার হোসেন, বাংলাদেশের অভ্যুদয়ে পরাশক্তির ভূমিকা
Course Code : BP 217
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Analysis-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Assay of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablets.
2. Determination of potency of penicillin tablets.
3. Non- aqueous assay of phenobarbitone tablets.
4. Determination of calcium in solid & liquid dosage form by complexometric titration.
5. Assay of promethazine hydrochloride.
6. Assay of aluminum hydroxide gel.
7. Assay of magnesium and aluminum from antacid preparation.
8. Determination of iodine value and saponification value.
9. Assay of sodium bicarbonate from supplied sample.
Course Code : BP 218
Course Title : Pharmacognosy-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Pharmacognostic study of a few selected powdered drugs
2. Chromatographic techniques: Analysis of plant extracts by thin layer chromatography.
3. Study of volatile oils and some volatile-oil containing drugs: Caraway, clove, cinnamon, peppermintetc.
4. Study of few important cardioactive drugs: Digitalis, strophanthus and squill.
5. Study of alkaloids and some alkaloid-containing drugs: Belladonna, strammonium, cinchona, rauwlfia, tea, coffee, tobacco, ergot, ephedra, nux vomiica and areca.
6. Separation of different drugs by thin layer chromatography
41
Course Code : BP 219
Course Title : Physiology and Anatomy-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Demonstration of the effects of temperature on toad heart.
2. Demonstration of the effects of stannous ligature on frog’s heat
3. Demonstration of the effects of drugs on toad heart
4. Demonstration of the effects of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca etc) on toad heart.
5. Recording of respiration by stethograph.
6. Effect of ptyalin of saliva on starch.
7. Collection of gastric juice: Tests for gastric acidity.
8. Estimation of blood sugar in normal person
9. Analysis of components of blood.
Fourth Semester
Course Code : BP 221
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Analysis-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Separation technique:
a) Introduction, principles, procedures and theories of column chromatography and gel filtration techniques, thin layer chromatography, ion exchange chromagraphy methods of detection and applications.
b) HPLC: Introduction theory and principle, instrumentation, characteristics of stationary and mobile phases, reversed phase HPLC and application.
2. Instrumental methods of analysis:
a) Absorption spectroscopy:
i) IR spectroscopy: Principle, molecular vibration, classification of molecular vibration, degree of freedom, selection rule, factors, instrumentation, sampling techniques, finger print region, application.
ii) UV spectroscopy: Spectroscopy, radiation, electromagnetic spectrum, energy of molecule, electronic transition, Beer Lambert law, chromophore, auxochrome, absorption band, instrumentation.
b) Polarimetry: Introduction, origin of optical rotation, molecular requirements for optical rotatory power, methods used in polarimetry instruction and application.
c) Fluorometry: Introduction, theory and principle of fluoroscence, and chemical structure spectro-photometry, application, factors influencing intensity of fluorescence and application of fluorometry in pharmaceutical analysis.
Recommended Books:
1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Vol I & II)- L.G. Chatten
2. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis– K. A. Connors
3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis- A.J. Vogel, G Svehla
4. Quantitative Analysis – V.N. Alekseev
5. Elementary Organic spectroscopy: principles and chemical applications – Y.R. Sharma
6. British Pharmacopoeia
7. United State Pharmacopoeia
Course Code : BP 222
Course Title : Medicinal Chemistry-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Stereochemistry:
a. Geometric isomerism of alkenes and cyclic compounds. cis trans and (E),(Z) systems of nomenclature.
b. Conformational isomers, conformation of open chain and cyclic compounds
c. Chirality of molecules, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemic modification, meso compound, (R) and (S) configuration, sequence rule and optical rotation.
d. Strereoselective and stereospecific reaction.
e. Pharmaceutical importance of stereochemistry study.
2. Mechanism of organic reactions: Baeyer-Villiger and Birch reduction. Clemmensen rcduction, Diels Alder reaction, Eschweiler-Clarke reaction, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reaction, Gabriel synthesis Gattermann-Koch and Sandmeyer reaction. Grignard reaction, Hoffman degradation reaction, Mannich reaction, Michael and Meerwin Pondorf-Verley reduction, Oppenauer oxidation, Perkin reaction, Reformatsky reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Wittig, and Wolf-Kishner reduction.
3. Chemistry of natural products:
a. Alkaloids: Occurrence, isolation, classification and properties of alkaloids, structure determination, synthesis and physiological activities of ephedrine, nicotine, atropine and morphine.
b. Terponoids: Occurrence, isolation and classification, synthesis of geraniol, citral ionones and amyrin.
4. Knowledge of chemistry (including synthesis) and structure activity relationship of following groups of medicinal substances: Hypnotics and sedatives, analgesics, anti-histaminics and tranquilizing agents.
Recommended Books:
1. Textbook of Organic Chemistry- Bahl and Bahl
2. Organic Chemistry- Morrison and Boyd
3. Organic Chemistry (Vol I and II)- Finar
4. Feisers’ Reagents for Organic Synthesis- Fieser
5. A Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry- Wilson and Gisvold
6. Medicinal Chemistry- Burger
Course Code : BP 223
Course Title : Basic Pharmaceutics-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Basic principles of compounding and dispensing: Weighing, measures and units, calculation for compounding and dispensing, fundamental operation in compounding, current good pharmaceutical practices in compounding and dispensing, containers and closures for dispensed products, responding to the prescription and ailing of dispensed medications.
2. History and principle of pharmacy practice: History, code of ethics, pharmacopoeias, formularies and codexes officially recognized in Bangladesh.
3. Micro-metrics: Importance of particle size determination, different means of expressing particles size, methods of particle size determination: optical and electron microscope studies, coulter-counter methods, laser beam technique, sieve analysis, sedimentation methods, particle shape and surface area: measurement of particle surface area.
4. Solubility and dissolution rate: Methods of expressing solubility, solubility of gases in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, solubility of solids in solids, solubility of solids in liquids, factors affecting solubility, dissolution rate of solids in liquids.
5. Disperse system: The colloidal state: classification of colloids, properties of colloidal sols, electrical double layer, origin of the charge, stability of colloids, viscosity of colloids, co-acervation, dialysis, properties of gels.
6. Pharmaceutical incompatibility
Recommended books:
1. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper & Gunn
2. American Pharmacy- Sprowl
3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
4. Dispensing of Medication- Husa & Martin.
5. Pharmaceutical Practice-Aulton
6. An Introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations-Fishburn
7. An Introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions- Polderman
8. The Extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale
9. Bentey’s Texbook of Pharmaceutics
10. Tutorial Pharmacy- Cooper & Gunn.
Course Code : BP 224
Course Title : Pharmacology-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. General pharmacology: Methods of drug administration, half life, drug absorption, bioavailability, distribution of drugs, protein binding, accumulation and storage in body, drug dilution in the body fluid, metabolism of drugs and excretion. Drug allergy, idosynchrasy, drug toxicity and drug interaction.
2. Mechanism of drug action: a) Basic concept of drug action. b) Physico-chemical nature of drugs. c) Drug receptors. d) Binding forces in drug-receptor interaction e) Receptor and non receptor mechanisms of drugs. f) Macromolecular nature of drug receptors. g) Relationship between drug concentrations versus response: Concentration-effect curve and receptor binding of agonists, competitive and irreversible antagonism, partial agonists, receptor-effectors coupling and spare receptors, other mechanisms of drug antagonism.
3. Chemotherapeutic agents: Introduction, classification, chemistry, mode of action, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, indications, contra indications. Dose, adverse effects and drug interactions of the following individual class of drugs: i) Sulfonamides, ii) Penicillins and Cephalosporins, iii) Tetracyclins, Chloramphenicol, Aminoglycosides and Macrolides, iv) Anti-fungal agents, v) Anti-tubercular drug, vi) Antileprosy drugs, vii) Miscellaneous antibacterial agents: a) Glycopeptide antibiotics, (b) Polymixin antibiotics, (c) Bacitracin, (d) Nitrofurantoin. viii) Antiviral drug including HIV.
4. Drugs action on GIT (Antacids): General consideration, chemistry, absorption, modification distribution and excretion. Action and adverse effects of gastric antacids. Classification of antacid-aluminium hydroxide, aluminum carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and oxide, magnesium carbonate, megaldrate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate, antacid mixtures, colloidal bismuth, H2receptor antagonists, (cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine), proton pump inhibitor, anti emetics and anti-diarrhoeal agents, laxatives.
5. Autocoids:
a) Histamines: Mode of action, action on cardiovascular system, smooth muscle, gastric secretion, anaphylactic shock, histamine-releasing drugs, allergic disorder.
b) Antihistamines: Classification, pharmacological, therapeutic uses absorption, distributions, excretion adverse reactions etc.
c) Serotonin and serotonin antagonists: Occurrence, pharmacological action, serotonin antagonist, prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxanes.
d) Prostaglandins
6. Drugs used in haemopioetic system:
(a) Anticoagulants: Heparin, warfarin, dicumarol, Na- and K-oxalates and citrates.
(b) Iron, Folic acid and vitamin B12 (Hematinics).
Recommended Books:
1. Pharmacological Basis of Therapry- Goodman & Gillman
2. Medical Pharmacology- Meyer
3. Medical Pharmacology- Goth
4. Pharmacology and Pharmcotherapeutics- R. S. Satosker
5. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews on Pharmacology –Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe.
Course Code : BP 225
Course Title : Clinical Pathology
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction: General considerations, core and scope of clinical pathology.
2. Cell, cellular injury and adaptation: Structure of the normal cell, morphology of injured cells, cell injury, cellular adaptation, causes of cell injury, reversible and irreversible cell injury, apoptosis and necrosis, biochemical mechanism responsible for cell injury, atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia.
3. Inflammation and repair: Inflammation, causes of inflammation, morphological patterns and changes in vascular flow and permeability, chemical mediators, phagocytosis, mechanism of regeneration and repairing.
4. Hemodynamic disorders: Edema, hyperemia, congestion, thrombosis, haemorrhage, embolism, infarction, shock.
5. Neoplasia: Tumor, characteristics of tumor, tumor markers, oncogenes, carcinogenic substances, metastasis, sarcoma, carcinoma, genesis of cancer cell, grading and stages of cancer, karyotype changes in tumor, diagnosis of cancer, treatment of cancer, prevention of cancer.
6. Infectious diseases: Herpes simplex, AIDS, diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis, syphilis, plague, tetanus, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, pneumonia, filariasis.
7. Nutritional diseases: Malnutrition, marasmus-kwashiorkor, deficiency states of different types of vitamins and minerals.
8. Diseases of blood vessels: Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis, hypersensitivity, thrombophlebitis, vasculitis.
9. Heart diseases: Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, heart block, myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease, stroke, ischemic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, myocarditis.
10. Respiratory diseases: Symptoms of respiratory diseases, common cold, influenza, pharyngitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, atelectasis, respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, COPD, bronchogenic carcinoma.
11. Kidney diseases: Renal failure, nephritis, obstructive neuropathy, nephrolithiasis/ urolithiasis.
12. Diseases of bones and joints: Osteosarcoma, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis.
13. Digestive diseases: Gastritis,peptic ulcer, pleuritis, appendicitis, pyloric stenosis, zollinger-ellisone syndrome, gastric carcinoma.
14. Thyroid diseases: Cretinism, myxedema, graves disease, goiter, hyperthyroidism.
Recommended Books
1. Pathological Basis of Diseases – Robbins.
2. Practical Pathology and Microbiology- Prof. K. A. Khaleque, Dr. K. Z. Mamun.
3. Endeavour Pathology and Haemotology – Dr. Jahir Uddin Mohammed Sharif.
Course Code : BP 226
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Analysis-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Pharmaceutical analysis of drugs using spectrophotometer, polarimeter, thin-layer chromatography, non-aqueous titration etc.
2. Extraction and thin layer chromatography of plant sample.
3. Determination of saponification and iodine values of fixed oils
4. Assay of milk of magnesia suspension.
5. Assay of milk of magnesia emulsion.
Course Code : BP 227
Course Title : Medicinal Chemistry-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
Synthesis of drug & drug intermediates
a) Paracetamol
b) Benzocaine
c) Aspirin
d) Phenacetin
e) PABA (Para amino-benzoic acid )
f) Meta nitro-benzaldehyde
g) Ethyl para hydroxy-benzoate
h) Para amino phenol
i) Methylsalicylates.
Course Code : BP 228
Course Title : Pharmacology-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Estimation of blood glucose by enzymatic method.
2. Estimation of blood glucose by chemical method.
3. Estimation of plasma protein by enzymatic method.
4. Estimation of plasma protein by burette method.
5. Estimation of blood uric acid level by enzymatic method.
6. Handling of experimental animals: mice and rat.
7. Different routes of administration of drugs in experimental animals.
Course Code : BP 229
Course Title : Oral Assessment
Course Credit: 1.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
Oral assessment will be held on the basis of the courses studied during the semester.
Fifth Semester
Course Code : BP 311
Course Title : Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Conductometry: Principle, apparatus and measurements, experimental details of conductometric titration and applications. Kohlrausch’s Law.
2. Potentiometry: Principle, methods and applications.
3. Amperometry: Theory and technique of amperometric titration with dropping mercury electrode and applications, factor affection current flow during analysis.
4. Polarographic analysis: Principle, component of polarogram, Ilkovic equation, diffusion current ,factors affecting diffusion current and half wave potential, quantitative analysis and applications, plarographic maxima suppressor, oxygen wave, supporting electrolyte,
5. X-ray crystallography: X-ray and diffraction of x-ray, Bragg's law, powder diffraction patterns, methods of measurement, analysis and application of x-ray diffraction.
6. Bioassay: Prerequisites and development, errors in bioassay and how to overcome them. Statistical design of bioassay, method and determination of bioavailability.
Recommended Books:
1. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis (vol I & II)- Chatten
2. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis – K. A. Connors
3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (vol I & II)- Vogel
4. British Pharmacopoeia
5. United State Pharmacopoeia
Course Code : BP 312
Course Title : Medicinal Chemistry-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Principle of drug design: Theory, different traditional and mechanism based approaches to drug design, application of quantum mechanics, computer aided drug designing (CADD), molecular modeling, congeneric series and clinical evaluation.
2. Molecular mechanism of drug action: Signaling mechanisms and drug action: regulation of gene expression by intracellular receptors, ligand regulated transmembrane enzymes, ligand gated channels, G-proteins and secondary messengers, such as cyclic-AMP, calcium and phosphoinositides and cyclic-GMP interplay among signaling mechanisms.
3. Drug metabolism: Various pathway of drug metabolism, metabolism of various group of drugs, factors affecting drug metabolism with special emphasis on aging, methods of studying drug metabolism, new aspects of drug metabolism.
4. Combinatorial chemistry :
a. Combinatorial synthesis: Introduction to drug discovery process, application and impact on drug discovery.
b. Library synthesis on resin beads – Solid phase chemistry, resin beads, speeding up of peptide synthesis, mix and split library synthesis
c. Solution phase synthesis, indexed combinatorial libraries, template-based libraries, liquid phase combinatorial synthesis,
d. Encoded combinatorial synthesis-encoded requirements, examples of tagged libraries.
e. Solid phase library, chemistry of linkers, carboxylic acid linkers, carboxamide linkers, alcohol linkers, amine linkers, traceless linkers, light cleavable linkers, selected solid phase chemistry,
f. Analysis of products with different analytical techniques used, IR, solid phase NMR
Recommended Books:
1. Textbook of Organic Chemistry- Bahl and Bahl
2. Organic Chemistry- Morrison and Boyd
3. Organic Chemistry (Vol I and II)- Finar
4. Feisers’ Reagents for Organic Synthesis- Fieser
5. A Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry- Wilson and Gisvold
6. Medicinal Chemistry- Burger
Course Code : BP 313
Course Title : Pharmacology-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Cardiovascular drugs:
a. Functioning and diseases of the heart, arrythmia, ischemia, angina pectoris (Nitrites and Nitrates), thrombolytic, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, lipid lowering drugs, hypertension and congestive heart failure.
b. Introduction, classification, chemistry, mode of action, structure activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, indications, contra indications, dose, adverse effects and drug interactions of the following individual class of drugs: a) Digitalis and allied drugs b) Antihypertensive drugs: (i) -blockers, prazosin etc. (ii)-blockers, propanolol etc. (iii) Methyldopa, rauwolfia alkaloids. (iv) Ca-channel blocking agents. (v) Vasodilators.
c. Diuretics: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, low and high ceiling diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics and osmotic diuretics.
d. Antiarrythmic drugs: Quinidine, procaine amide.
2. Drugs acting on CNS
a. Analgesic and antipyretics. (i) Non opoids (NSAID): Salicilates and congeners. (ii) Opioids: Natural and synthetic.
b. Hypnotic-sedatives: Benzodiazepines, barbiturates etc.
c. CNS stimulants: Amphetamine, caffeine, strychnine, xanthine derivatives.
3. Psychotropic drugs: Classification, mode of action, SAR, pharmacological actions, indications, toxicities and contraindications of chlorpromazine, benzodiazepam, TCA, MAO inhibitors, SSRIS (Fluxetin) etc.
4. Drug acting on ANS:
a. Parasympathomimetic agents: Acetyl choline, methacoline, carbachol.
Sympathomimetic agents: Epinephrine, norepinephrine.
Anticholinesterase agents: Physostignine, edrophonine, organophosphoro-us compounds.
b. Antimuscarinic agents or atropine drugs: Atropine sulfate, scopolamine hydrobromide, homatropine hydrobromide.
Drugs inhibiting adrenergic nerves and structures innervated by them, adrenergic blocking agents.
c. Neuromuscular blocking agents.
5. Anesthetics: Introduction and classification,
a. Local anesthetics: General properties, chemistry and mechanism of action, pharmacological action, clinical use and adverse effect of cocaine, procaine, benzocaine, lidocaine, bubuvacineetc.
b. General anesthetics: (i) Inhalation anasthetics: Halothene enflurane methyflurane, nitrous oxide, diethyl ether, cyclopropane and ethylene etc.
(ii) Intravenous anesthitics: Barbiturates, opioides, etc.
Recommended Books:
1. Pharmacological Basis of Therapy- Goodman & Gillman
2. Medical Pharmacology- Meyer
3. Medical Pharmacology- Goth
4. Pharmacology and Pharmcotherapeutics- R. S. Satosker
Course Code : BP 314
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Technology-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Liquid dosage forms: Solution and elixirs, theory of solution, different factors affecting solution process, advantages and disadvantages, formulation and manufacturing considerations, packaging of liquids, preservation and stability aspects and quality control systems of liquids.
2. Dispersed system
a. Properties of dispersed systems: Theoretical aspects of suspension, emulsion and colloids, surface characteristics and zeta potential, inter-particle force, crystal growth, wetting, adsorption at solid-liquid interface, surface and interfacial tension, flocculation and coalescence.
b. Suspension: Definition and application, advantage and disadvantages, aggregated and dispersed system, formulation, manufacturing and stability, evaluation, rheological consideration, illustrative examples.
c. Emulsion: Definitions and applications, advantage and disadvantages, theory of emulsion, formation of emulsion, classification of emulsifying agents, HLB values of surface active agents, formulation manufacturing, stability and evaluation, rheological considerations.
3. Semisolids (ointments, paste, gels, etc.): Structure of skin, percutaneous absorption of drugs, definition and classification of semisolid, classification of ointment bases, formulation and manufacturing, rheological considerations, evaluation and quality analysis.
4. Suppositories: Definition, advantages & disadvantages, classification of suppositories, suppository bases, formulation of suppositories, manufacturing of suppositories, displacement value of testing of suppositories, mechanism of absorption of medicaments from suppositories.
5. Drug decomposition: Decomposition of drugs and pharmaceutical product, stabilization of pharmaceutical products.
Recommended books:
1. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper & Gunn
2. American Pharmacy- Sprowl
3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
4. Dispensing of Medication- Husa & Martin.
5. Pharmaceutical Practice- Aulton
6. An Introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn
7. An Introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions- Polderman
8. The Extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale
9. Bentey’s Texbook of Pharmaceutics
10. Tutorial Pharmacy- Cooper & Gunn.
11. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy- Lachman
Course Code : BP 315
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Engineering
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Drying: Definition, importance of drying, terminology, theory & fundamental concepts, periods of drying, constant rate period, falling rate period, critical moisture content. equilibrium moisture content, classification: direct, indirect, radiation, dielectric, batch and continuous, dryers, types of beds: static, moving, fluidized, pneumatic bed systems, different drying equipments(construction, operation, merits, demerits): tray dryer, through-circulation dryer, pneumatic conveying dryer, rotary dryer, spray dryer, tunnel dryer, steam tube rotary dryer, agitated pan dryer, vacuum rotary dryer and freeze dryer, selection of drying equipment, preliminary dryer selection, drying tests, final selection.
2. Filtration: Definition, importance of filtration, difference with expression, sedimentation and drying. Classification of filters, theory of filtration, filter media, filter aids, filter thickeners, different filtration equipment:(construction, operation, merits and demerits) the gravity nutsche, Delpark industrial filter, bag filters, sand filters, plate and frame press, recessed plate filter press, Eimco-Burwell plates and frames, Readco short cycle filter, vertical pressure leaf filter, horizontal plate filter, industrial tubular filter, Rodney Hunt pressure filter, Moore filter, vacu-flow suction leaf filter, string discharge filter, clarifying filters, selection of filtration equipment.
3. Centrifugation: General principles, magnitude of centrifugal force, materials of construction, critical speed, sedimentation centrifuges, filtering centrifugal, centrifuge auxiliaries, drive mechanisms, feed and discharge lines, feed treatment, selection of centrifugal separators.
4. Solid-solid mixing: Importance, fundamentals, batch homogenecity, types of solids-mixing machines: (mixing mechanisms and operations) double cone, twin shell, horizontal drum, double-cone revolving around long axis, ribbon, vertical screw, batch muller, continuous muller, twin rotor. Performance, characteristics, selection of machines.
5. Paste mixing: definition, importance, simple blending, dispersion operations and general equipment design. Standard types of equipment and operations, change-can mixer, change-can mixer with planetary motion, change-can mixer with rotating turntable, troy angular mixer, duplex mixer, stationary -tank mixer, kneader, mullers, three-roll mill, selection of process and mixer.
6. Liquid mixing: Definition, importance, mixing equipment, axial and radial flow impellers, mechanisms, flow patterns, impellers, flat-blade and curved blade turbines, spiral turbines, paddles, gate impellers, anchor impellers, different fixed-mounted and portable positions, shaft lengths, baffled and unbaffled tanks, vortex formation and its control, selection of impeller.
7. Milling: Definition, application and limitations, factors affecting milling operation, mechanisms of size reduction process, methods of size reduction by cutter mill, roller mill, hammer mill, ball mill, vibration mill, edge runner mill, end runner mill, fluid energy mill, hand mill, colloid mill (principle, design, operation and advantages) and selection of a mill.
8. Air conditioning, refrigeration &humidity control
a) Air conditioning: Definition, importance, pharmaceutical application, differences between air conditioner & air cooler, comfort zone, different types of air conditioners, selection of an air conditioner, design of an air conditioned room, pharmaceuticals needing air conditioning.
b) Refrigeration: Definition, pharmaceutical application, refrigerators design, mechanism of cooling, refrigerants, brine selection, pharmaceuticals needing refrigerated storage.
c) Humidity control: Terminology (psychometry, absolute humidity, relative humidity, dew point, humid heat, humid volume, wet bulb temperature and adiabatic saturation temperature), relationship between wet bulb and adiabatic saturation temperatures, humidifier, dehumidifier, uses of psychometric charts, measurement of humidity and applications of humidity control.
9. Safety methods in pharmaceutical industry: Fire protection, handling of dangerous and toxic chemicals, waste disposal, animal handling.
Recommended books:
1. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper & Gunn
2. American Pharmacy- Sprowl
3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
4. Dispensing of Medication- Husa & Martin.
5. Pharmaceutical Practice-Aulton
6. An Introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations-Fishburn
7. An Introduction to Pharmaceutical productions- Polderman
8. The Extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale
9. Bentey’s Texbook of Pharmaceutics
10. Tutorial Pharmacy- Cooper & Gunn.
11. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy- Lachman
Course Code : BP 316
Course Title : Medicinal Chemistry-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Synthesis of organic compounds of medicinal importance
2. Studies of drug design
3. Extraction of metabolic enzymes from liver and their effects
4. Exercises on drug receptor interactions
Course Code : BP 317
Course Title : Pharmacology-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Estimation of salicylic acid in blood after administration of aspirin tablet.
2. Estimation of paracetamol in blood after administration
3. Test of local anesthesia
4. Estimation of anti-histamine in blood after administration.
Course Code : BP 318
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Technology-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Physical checking of emulsions, suspensions, syrups, ointments, suppositories etc.
2. Formulation of emulsions, suspensions, syrups, ointments, suppositories etc.
Sixth Semester
Course Code : BP 321
Course Title : Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Ultra violet and infrared spectroscopy for structural analysis of organic compounds.: Introduction, electromagnetic radiation, units, electromagnetic spectra and absorption of radiation, Lambert’s and Beer’s law, deviations from Lambert-Beer law, instrumentation, chromophores and auxochromes, analysis of mixtures, absorption and intensity shifts, applications of ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy in quantitative analysis of drugs.
2. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:1H-NMR spectroscopy: introduction & theory, relaxation process, instrumentation, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, different spin systems, coupling constants, spin-spin decoupling, long range coupling.13C - NMR spectroscopy, basic principle and application of 2D NMR spectroscopy.
3. Mass spectroscopy: Introduction, theory, the mass spectrum, determination of molecular formula, ionization technique, recognition of molecular ion, fragmentation process, applications.
4. Radiochemical methods of analysis: Fundamentals of radioactivity, natural and induced radioactivity, radioactive decay, different type of radiation, radiation detection and their measurement, principles of Geiger-Muller and Scintillation counter, radio activation and isotope dilution analysis, characterization, methodology and use of radioisotope in pharmaceutical research.
Recommended Books:
1. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis (Vol I & II)- Chatten
2. A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis– K. A. Connors
3. Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Vol I & II)- Vogel
4. Elementary Organic Spectroscopy – S. Chand and Y. R. Sharma
5. British Pharmacopoeia
6. United State Pharmacopoeia
Course Code : BP 322
Course Title : Pharmacology-III
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Hormones and hormone related antagonist:
i. Anti-diabetic drugs
a) Introduction and classification of diabetes, anti-diabetic drug: classification, chemistry, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, dose, adverse effects and drug interaction of the following individual class of drugs: oral hypoglycemic agents: (i) sulfonylureas (ii) biguanides. Hormone
preparation: insulin, management of diabetes mellitus. (iii) incretin based drugs (sitaptin).
ii. Thyroidand anti-thyroid drugs.
iii. Estrogenes and progestion.
2. Enzymes in therapy: General properties of enzymes and their mode of actions, activators, inhibitors and cofactors, enzymatic basis of drug action, enzymes of pharmaceutical importance, their production, preparation, formation, use and assay methods.
3. Anticancer agents:
a) Definition of cancer, types of cancer, genesis of cancer cell, pathogenesis, classification of an anticancer drug.
b) Alkylating agents: Nitrogen mustard, alkyl sulphonates and nitrosoureas.
c) Anti-metabolites: (i) Folic acid analog (ii) Pyrimidine analog (iii) Purine analog and related inhibitors.
d) Natural products: (i) Vinca alkaloids (ii) Antibiotics (iii) Miscellaneous agents (metal complexes, radioisotopes, hormones, etc.)
4. Pharmacological studies of various groups of drugs:
i. Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis: (a) Chemotherapeutics: INH, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, etc. (b) Antibiotics: gentamicin, rifampicin, streptomycin, etc.
ii. Antidiarrhoeal agents: Introduction, general mechanism of diarrhea, classification of antidiarrhoeal drugs, ORS, tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamide, loperamide and anti-spasmodic drugs, etc.
iii. Anti-fertility drugs: Different methods of contraception, mechanism of oral contraceptives, mechanical barriers, implants, foams, etc.
iv. Drugs used in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
v. Drug affecting uterine motility: Oxytocin, prostaglandin, ergot alkaloid.
Recommended books:
1. Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics- Goodman & Gillman
2. Medical Pharmacology- Katzung
3. Medical Pharmacology- Meryer
4. Essential Pharmacology- KD Tripathey
5. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology- BG Katzung
Course Code : BP 323
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Technology-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Powder dosage form
2. Formulation and manufacturing of tablets: Manufacturing of tablets by wet granulation, dry granulation & direct compression. Granulation of powders for tableting. Advantages and disadvantages of different processes, processes and machineries used in tablet manufacturing.
3. Common tableting problems and evaluation of tablets: Hardness measurement, weight variation tests, thickness and diameter, friability, disintegration time, dissolution time, mechanism of tablet disintegration and dissolution. In-process quality control, study of common tableting problems.
4. Tablet coating: Definitions and classification of coating methods, advantages and disadvantages of coated tablets. Different methods of coating: sugar coating, different stages of sugar coating, problems of sugar coating. Film coating: theory of film coating, film formers, plasticizer, solvents. Enteric coating: enteric coating polymers, formulations of enteric coating. Dry coating (compression coating). Comparison between sugar coating and film coating. Aqueous film coating techniques. Modern film coating materials and coating formulations. Problems of organic and aqueous film coating. Coating machines: Conventional coating machines, perforated coating machines, fluidized coating machines.
5. Hard gelatin capsules: Definition and classification, advantages and limitations of capsule dosage form, gelatin and its manufacture, manufacture of hard capsule shells, properties of capsules, formulation of capsules, capsule filling machines, tooling and accessories. Problems in capsule manufacturing, quality control methods of capsules, packaging of capsules.
6. Soft gelatin capsules: Definitions and classifications, advantages and limitations, properties, formulation, manufacturing, quality control and packaging of soft capsules. Problems and remedy of soft capsule manufacturing.
7. Microencapsulation technology: Purpose, methods of preparation, evaluation, pharmaceutical and biological applications of microencapsulation process.
Recommended books:
1. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy- Lachman
2. American Pharmacy- Sprowl
3. Pharmaceutics- Aulton
4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences
5. Dispensing of Medication- Husa & martin
6. Pharmaceutical Practice- Aulton
7. An introduction of Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn
8. An introduction to Pharmaceutical Productions- Polderman
9. The extra Pharmacopoeia- Martindale
Course Code : BP 324
Course Title : Bio-pharmaceutics-I
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction to pharmaceutics and bio-pharmaceutics.
2. Gastrointestinal absorption of drugs:
a) Biological consideration: Membrane physiology, gastrointestinal physiology, mechanism of absorption etc.
b) Physicochemical consideration: pka and gastrointestinal absorption, pH-partition theory and other physicochemical factors.
c) Dosage form consideration: Role of different dosage form like solution, suspension tablet, capsule, emulsion etc. on gastrointestinal absorption.
d) Disintegration and dissolution of drugs.
3. Distribution of drugs:
a) Important pharmacokinetic parameters: Biological half-life, apparent volume of distribution, area under the curve, absorption and elimination rate constant etc.
b) Interpretation of drug-plasma level curve.
c) Drug-protein interaction: Theoretical aspect of protein-drug interaction, methods used for protein binding, identification of drug binding sites, kinetics of protein binding, determination of binding sites and association constant, factors affecting protein binding, effects of protein binding on drug distribution, elimination and pharmacological effects of drugs.
4. Drug clearance:
a) Theoretical aspects of drug elimination, excretion and biotransformation.
b) Renal elimination: Glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption. Determination of renal clearance.
c) Biotransformation of drugs: Definition, drug biotransformation reactions, pharmacokinetics of drugs and metabolites (Michelis-Menten equation), hepatic elimination, first pass effect, liver excretion ratio, relation between absolute bio-availability and liver excretion, hepatic clearance- relationship between blood flow, intrinsic clearance and hepatic clearance, hepatic clearance of a protein bound drug (effect of protein binding on hepatic clearance).
d) Biliary excretion of drug.
5. Bio-availability and bio-equivalence: Definitions of different parameters relative to bio-availability, purpose of bio-availability, relative and absolute to bio-availability, methods of assaying bio-availability, criteria for bio-equivalence studies.
6. Drug product selection on the basis of bio-availability testing.
Recommended books:
1. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacokinetics- M. Gibaldi
2. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Phrmacokinetics- Notari
3. Biopharmaceutics & Relevant Pharmacokinetics- T.G. Wagner
4. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Interactions- Cadwallader
5. Pharmacokinetics- M. Gibaldi & D. Perrioer
6. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics – Leon Shargel
Course Code : BP 325
Course Title : Quality Assurance & Validation
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction: Terminologies of quality assurance, importance of pharmaceutical analysis in the quality control of drugs, sources of quality variation, control of quality variation. Set up of a quality control oratory for pharmaceutical analysis, personnel, equipment, environments, etc. Types of specifications, testing program and methods.
2. In Process quality assurance method: Concept of quality assurance, selection and testing of major raw materials input. Methods of drug sampling, statistical quality control of major categories of dosage forms, QA activities, Basic concept of cGMP, ISO-9000, ISO-9001, TQM, SOP.
3. Quality control of raw materials, packaging materials, bulk product, finish product, weighing control, IPC. Quality review and documentation, process and quality validation of equipments validation, regulatory control, regulatory drug analysis and interpretation of analytical
4. Pharmaceutical validation concept: Validating process and equipment, advantages of validation.
5. Management of quality assurance: Quality management consideration, quality motivation, total quality management.
6. International standard organization and BSTI (DA) policies for quality in pharmaceutical industries.
7. Concept of statistical quality control: Normal frequency distribution, Q.C. charts, sampling and sampling plan, binomial distribution, tests of significance, consumer acceptance testing, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and experimental design, bio-availability and crossover design, regression correlation, Wilcoxon rank sum test.
8. Quality of packaging materials.
9. Quality of analytical methodologies, automated continuous system for assay procedure, associated activities.
Recommended books:
1. Assurance of Quality Pharmaceuticals- Dr. M. Shah Nawaz Khan
2. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Standards- Professor Dr. Md. Shah Amran
Course Code : BP 326
Course Title : Pharmacology-III Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Effect of digitalis, adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline on toad’s heart
2. Effect of CNS stirnulant, CNS depressants on toad
3. Effect of acetylcholine on toad heart and muscle
4. Effect of chemotherapeutic agents of diseases rats.
5. Effect of diuretics on toad.
Course Code : BP 327
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Technology-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
Preparation, problems encountered during preparation, physical evaluation of different dosage forms;
1. Preparations, problems encountered during preparation, physical evaluation of the different dosage forms: (a) Tablets including coated tablets (b) Capsules (c) Suppositories (d) Pharmaceutical aerosols
2. Capsule& Micro-encapsulation.
Course Code : BP 328
Course Title : Bio-pharmaceutics-I Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. In vivo study of bio-availability of drug: (a) Determination of concentration of aspirin in urine after oral administration (b) Determination of paracetamol in blood after oral administration.
2. In vitro study of bio-availability of drug: (a) Disintegration and dissolution tests of solid dosage forms (b). Determination of viscosity of a prepared emulsion. (c) Determination of hardness, friability and weight variation of solid dosage forms.
Course Code : BP 329
Course Title : Oral Assessment
Course Credit: 1.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
Oral assessment will be held on the basis of the courses studied during the semester.
Seventh Semester
Course Code : BP 411
Course Title : Advanced Medicinal Chemistry
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Drug design and discovery:
a) Sources of drugs, cost and place of development of drugs, search for new drugs, genesis of drugs.
b) Antihypertensive drugs, -blocker, H2-blockers, semi-synthetic penicillins, quinolone derivatives and anti-diabetic drugs.
c) Role of biological half life (t½), metabolism of drug, as drug design.
2. Chemistry, uses and SAR of the following drugs:
a) Psychotropic drugs: Sedatives, hypnotics, classification, barbiturates, non barbiturates, SAR and synthesis.
b) Antidepressant drugs: Classification, SAR and synthesis of phenothiazine, TCA and MAOI.
c) Anti-neoplastic drugs: Cancer, cause, classification of anticancer drug.SAR and synthesis of alkylating agent and anti metabolites.
d) Membrane acting drugs: i) Acetylcholine: Occurrence, SAR and synthesis of acetylcholine. ii) Catecholamine: Occurrence, SAR, synthesis, inactivation.iii) Serotonin: Occurrence, SAR, synthesis, inactivation.
e) Antimalarial drugs: History, classification, drug development strategy, synthesis and SAR.
3. Biosynthetic pathway of the following natural products:
a) Alkaloids: Definition, classification, properties, stability, separation, SAR, synthesis.
b) Terpenoids: Terpene, terpenoids, essential oils, isolation, classification, synthesis, isoprene rule.
c) Flavonoids: Source structure, classification, synthesis, biotransformation and use.
d) Vitamins: Vitamin, pro-vitamin, anti-vitamin, discovery, properties, classification, absorption, storage, deficiency, toxicity, medicinal and metabolic role, destruction, synthesis of vitamin A,B, C, D and E.
Recommended Books:
1) Organic chemistry, Natural products: (vol I and II) – O.P. Agarwal
2) Organic chemistry: The Fundamental principles (vol I and II) – Finar
3) Fundamentals of medicinal chemistry – G. Thomas
4) Wilson and Gisvold’s organic medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry – J. Block, J. Bcale.
5) Burger’s medicinal chemistry and drug discovery (vol I – VI) – D.J. Abraham.
Course Code : BP 412
Course Title : Bio-pharmaceutics-II
Course Credit: 3.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Compartmental analysis: Introduction:
a) One compartment open model: One compartment open model, determination of plasma concentration from one compartment open model, calculation of apparent volume of distribution, calculation of K from urinary excretion data.
b) Multiple-compartment models: i) Two compartment open model, method of residuals, apparent volumes of distributions, drug in tissue compartment, elimination rate constant ii) Three compartment open model: method of residuals, determination of area under curve, apparent volumes of distribution, elimination rate constant.
2. Pharmacokinetics of drug absorption: Zero order absorption model, first order absorption model determination of absorption rate constants from oral absorption data, method of residuals Wagner Nelson method, determination of ka from two comportment oral absorption data, Loo Riegelman method.
3. Multiple dosage regimens (MDR): Drug accumulation, repetitive intravenous injection, multiple oral dosage regimens, loading dose and determination of bioavailability and bio-equivalency from MDR.
4. Intravenous infusion: One compartment model drugs, two compartment model drugs, infusion plus loading dose.
5. Dosage adjustment in renal disease:
a) Pharmacokinetic considerations, general approaches for dose adjustment in renal disease, dose adjustment based on drug clearance, method based on changes in the elimination rate constant, measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GER), calculation of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentration. Dose adjustment based on monogram. Giusti Hayton method, Wagner method.
b) Extracorporeal removal of drugs, dialysis.
6. Non-compartmental analysis, physiologic-pharmacokinetic model, statistical moment, mean residence time etc.
7. Relationship between pharmacokinetic and therapeutic responses.
Recommended books:
1. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics- Leon Shargel
2. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacokinetics- M. Gibaldi
3. Biopharmaceutics & Clinical Pharmacokinetics- Notari
4. Biopharmaceutics & Relevant Pharmacokinetics- T.G. Wagner
5. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Interactions- Cadwallader
6. Pharmacokinetics- M. Gibaldi & D. Perrioer.
7. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics – Leon Shargel
Course Code : BP 413
Course Title : Drug Regulatory Affairs
Course Credit: 2.00
…………………………………………………………………
Detailed of the Course:
1. Drug abuse, treatment and rehabilitation: Definition, Bangladesh and international status, problem of drug abuse, cases and remedy in drug abuse.
2. Pharmacy practice in Bangladesh
a) Scope, opportunities in the government and the armed forces
b) Drug administration and pharmacy council of Bangladesh, their scope and functions
c) Regulations and laws governing the practices of pharmacy (The Pharmacy ordinance 1976)
d) Policies, sales, regulation and laws concerning to the manufacture, possession, distribution, sale of drugs and poisons: The drug policy 1982, essential drug list. The drug act 1940. The drug (control) ordinance 1982. The narcotics (Control) act 1990. The Poisons act 1919 and related amendments.
3. Control of drug advertisements and pricing: Control of drug advertisements and prices, patented and trade marked medicine, proprietary medicine, schedules of drugs and poisons, regulation of cosmetics and poison control.
4. Professional characteristics: values -behavior and ethical norms in pharmaceuticals, The pharmacist’s code of ethics, relationship of trust, ethical considerations during pharmacy practice, deficiencies of self-regulation, adherence of self-regulation.
5. Legal aspects: Approval process, format and registration of pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh, drug authority of Bangladesh, functions and activities of directorate of drug registration methods in Bangladesh.
6. Government health policy.
Recommended books:
1. The Pharmacy Ordinance, 1976. Ministry of Law and Parliamentary Affairs, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka
2. The Drugs (Control) Ordinance, 1982, Ministry of Law and Land Reforms Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka
3. Drug Policy of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Population Control, Health Division, Dhaka
4. A Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy- B M Mithal
5. Pharmacist’s Code of Ethics, Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh
6. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Course Code : BP 414
Course Title : Molecular Biology
Course Credit: 3.00
……………………………………………………………….
Detailed of the Course:
1. General introduction and historical background of molecular biology: The Mendelian view of the world, Mendelian law, chromosomal theory of heredity, chromosomal determination of sex, chromosomal mapping of annostment (Mendelian second law), and preliminary attempts to find a gene protein relationship.
2. Nucleic acid: Structure, isolation, purification and molecular weight determination, chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis and hybridization.
3. Central dogma of molecular biology:
a) Replication: DNA replication, DNA polymerases, types of DNA replication, and inhibitors of replication.
b) Transcription: RNA synthesis and mRNA processing (post-transnational modification of mRNA, promoters, enhancers and transcriptional factor) in bacteria and yeast, inhibitors of transcription.
c) Genetic code: Characteristic feature of genetic code, Wooble hypothesis with experimental evidence, initiation and termination codon.
d) Translation: Structure of ribosome, mechanism of translation, (protein synthesis), post-transnational modification, inhibitors of translation.
e) DNA damage and repair: Types of DNA damage, causes of DNA damage, repair mechanism of damaged DNA.
f) Mutation: Definition, types, causes, diseases caused by mutation.
4. Techniques in molecular biology: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing techniques, Southern, Northern and Western blotting, agarose gel electrophoresis, SDS- PAGE, RT-PCR, in-vitro kinase assay, real time PCR, reverse transcriptase.
5. Genetic engineering: Joining of DNA molecules, cohesive and blunt end joining, and addition of linker, adapters and homopolymers, method of construction of gene bank and screening procedures of a gene bank for desired genes, cDNA library construction.
6. Cloning of a particular fragment of gene in different vector, expression in the recombinant DNA molecules.
Recommended books:
1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by David Nelson, Nelson Michad Cox.
2. Harper; sIllustrated Biochemistry- Robert, Granner, Mayes.
3. Text book of Biochemistry by west and Todd.
4. Fundamentals of biochemistry by A.C. Deb.
5. Genes VI and VII by Benjamin and Lewin.
Course Code : BP 415
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Marketing
Course Credit: 3.00
……………………………………………………………….
Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction: Definition, marketing concept, company orientation toward the market, changing environment and marketing responses, marketing and society, building customer satisfaction, value and retention- ethics in marketing.
2. Analyzing marketing opportunities: Scanning the marketing environment for pharmaceutical industry, analyzing consumer markets and business markets of pharmaceutical products, analyzing the pharmaceutical industry, analyzing competitors, marketing information system- measuring demand and forecasting sales, segmenting, targeting and positioning.
3. Managing product: Nature and types of product, product mix and line decisions, product innovation, diffusion of innovation, managing product life cycle, branding, packaging and labeling of pharmaceutical items.
4. Managing price: Setting the price, adapting the price, initiating and responding to price changes, prescription pricing and professional fees for pharmaceutical items.
5. Managing marketing channels: Channel design decisions, management decisions- channel dynamics.
6. Managing marketing communication: Designing, budgeting, managing and coordinating integrated marketing communications, relationship in marketing of pharmaceutical products.
7. Sales promotion: Purposes, major decisions on sales promotion- effective sales promotion techniques for pharmaceutical items.
8. Public relations: Functions, definition, major decisions, objectives, public relations writing, dealing with the media, public relationship in crisis management
9. Organizing, implementing and controlling of marketing programs: Marketing organization, marketing implementation, marketing control, and marketing audit.
Books Recommended:
1. Philip Kotler: Marketing Management
2. Cravens D W Hills Gerald F and Woodruff R B: Marketing Management
3. R Canfield: Salesmanship
4. Fraser P Seitel: Public Relations
Course Code : BP 416
Course Title : Biotechnology and Immunology
Course Credit: 3.00
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Detailed of the Course:
Biotechnology
1. General introduction: Definition and historical perspective, scope, potential and achievements, pharmacist and biotechnology, biotechnology and industry.
2. Fermentation technology:
a. Introduction and historical perspectives: The fermentation process and optimization, improvement of microbial strain- mutations, recombination, protoplast fusion.
b. Fermenters: Structure, size, culture vessel, agitation systems, process monitoring and control, cleaning and sterilization, types and design of fermenters, factors affecting fermentation.
c. Production of the following metabolites:
Organic solvent- Alcohol
Organic acids- Citric acid, acetic acid
Antibiotics- Penicillin, tetracycline
Vitamin- Vitamin B12
Amino acid- Glutamic acid
Carbohydrates- Dextran
3. Enzyme biotechnology: Immobilization methods and application, enzyme kinetics, study of enzymes such as hyaluronidase, penicillinase, streptokinase and streptodornase, amylases and proteases, immobilization of bacteria and plant cells, biosensors.
4. Animal biotechnology: Animal cell culture, culture media, maintenance of cell culture, primary and established cell culture and application of animal cell culture.
5. Genetic recombination: Transformation, conjugation, transduction, protoplast fusion and gene cloning and their applications, study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as Activase, Humulin, Humatrope, HB etc.
Immunology
1. Fundamentals of immunology:
a. Introductions: Immunity, immune response, types of immunity, antigens and haptens, antibodies.
b. Organs and cells involved in immune system: T cells, B cells, macrophage and other antigen presenting cells etc.
c. Antigen: Antigenic substances, classification, properties of antigens.
d. Antibody: Immunoglobulin, isotypes, allotypes, chemistry, mechanisms, classification of antibody (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM)
e. Humoral and cell mediated Immunity.
f. Hypersensitivity reactions: Introduction, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, type I, II, III, IV hypersensitivity
2. Immuno-biotechnology:
a. Vaccines and sera: Introduction, manufacturing, quality control and preparation of
Toxoids:
Diphteria and tetanus,
Live bacterial vaccines:
BCG
Killed bacterial vaccines:
Cholera, DTP.
Viral vaccines:
Polio, rabies and small pox
Antitoxins:
Diphteria
and sera (antibacterial, antiviral, antitoxin and antivenum), ……….preparation of allergic extracts and diagnostics.
b. Hybridoma technology: Introduction, techniques of production and application of monoclonal antibodies.
c. Immunoblotting techniques: ELISA, immunoflurocence.
Recommended Books:
1. A text book of Immunology- A K Akram
2. Microbiology- Pelczar, Kreig and Chan
3. Pharmaceutical Microbiology- Harris
4. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper and Gunn
5. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology- Warren Levinson
Course Code : BP 417
Course Title : Project Work and Presentation
Course Credit: 2.00
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Detailed of the Course:
A project work will be given to the students by the teachers of the department and a dissertation should be submitted to the respective teacher and give a talk/presentation after completing the project. The report will be evaluated by the examiners of related field.
Course Code : BP 418
Course Title : Bio-pharmaceutics-II Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
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Detailed of the Course:
Evaluation of drugs and drug products (pharmacokinetics), measurement of viscosity of emulsion, quality control of sterile medicaments such as ophthalmic solutions.
1. Evaluation of dissolution rate of coated tablet. (Aspirin, diclofenac-sodium tablet)
2. Evaluation of dissolution profile of uncoated tablet (Paracetamol tablet)
Course Code : BP 419
Course Title : Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab
Course Credit: 1.00
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Detailed of the Course:
1. Isolation of plasmid DNA
2. Estimation of DNA, RNA and Oligonucletides
3. Agarose-gel electrophoresis of nucleic acid
4. Determination of bacterial drug resistance by disk diffusion method.
Eighth Semester
Course Code : BP 421
Course Title : Hospital and Community Pharmacy
Course Credit: 3.00
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Detailed of the Course:
1. Hospital pharmacy:
a) Introduction: Goals, minimum standards, abilities required for a hospital pharmacist, hospital as an organization, classification, organizational patterns, management and administration, different departments and services, role of a pharmacist in the hospital, hospital pharmacy, organizational and personnel, supportive personnel, pharmacy education, job descriptions.
b) Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee: Description and purpose, membership and functions, hospital formulary, guiding principles, legal basis, principles for admission or deletion of drugs, selection of text.
c) Investigational use of drugs: Description, principles involved, classification, control, identification, role of hospital pharmacist, advisory committee.
d) Purchasing and Inventory control: Purchasing agent, purchasing procedure, control on purchases, storage, perishable inventory, physical inventory, perpetual inventory.
e) Control of special classes of drugs: Use of samples, in-patient drug orders, out-patient prescriptions, ward stock drugs, narcotics and their control, classes, procurement and execution of order forms, dispensing, hospital narcotic regulations, new systems, floor stock drugs, selection, charge and non-charge, labeling, regulations concerning narcotics, inspection of nursing drug cabinets.
f) Dispensing to In and Out patients: Drug distribution systems, dispensing of charge, non- floor stock drugs, mobile dispensing unit, unit dose dispensing, new concepts,
dispensing to out patients, locality of out-patient dispensing area, dispensing routine, record keeping, dispensing during off-hours, use of nursing supervisors, emergency boxes and night drug cabinets, pharmacist-on-call, drug charges in hospitals, pricing, break- even point pricing.
g) Manufacturing-bulk and Sterile: Control and budget, manufacturing facility and capacity, operating costs, quality control.
h) Drug information centre and Library: Physical facilities, selection of contents, methods of dissemination, role in educational and training programs, professional education, internal teaching programs, external teaching programs.
2. Community Pharmacy:
Concept of community health care, health needs of the community, different levels of health care, elements of primary health care, principles of primary health care: equitable distribution, community participation, intersectoral coordination, appropriate technology, health manpower, health care delivery at different levels, community pharmacy in dealing with communicable diseases problem, nutritional problems, environmental sanitation problems and indigenous systems of medicine, development of community pharmacy infrastructure, participation of non-governmental voluntary health agencies.
Recommended books:
1. Hospital Pharmacy - W.E. Hassan
2. A Textbook of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy - Pratibha Nand and R.K. Khar
3. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy - Anees Ahmed Siddiqul and M. Ali
4. Textbook of Community Medicine and Public Health - Rashid, Khabiruddin and Hyder
5. The Essentials of Community Medicine - Selim Reza
6. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine - K. Park
7. Remington’s The Science and Practice of Pharmacy - A. R. Gennaro
Course Code : BP 422
Course Title : Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology
Course Credit: 3.00
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Detailed of the Course:
Clinical Pharmacy:
1. Introduction: Clinic, hospital, clinical pharmacy, scope, importance and application of clinical pharmacy, diagnosis & routine tests for diagnosis, enzyme, coenzyme & isoenzyme and their role in diagnosis of disease, pharmacokinetics of few drugs.
2. Drug abuse and its effect: Drug addiction, drug abuse, drug misuse, drug habituation, drug dependence and drawbacks of self-medication.
3. Clinical chemistry and interpretation of laboratory tests
a) Blood chemistry
b) Hematology
c) Urinalysis
4. Clinical interpretation of pathophysiology of the following diseases
a) Diabetes
b) Essential hypertension,
c) Anaemia
d) AIDS
e) Tuberculosis
f) Peptic ulcer
g) Veneral diseases: UTI, RTI, etc.
Toxicology:
1. Effects of poisons: Poisons, toxins of animal origin, role of poison centers, adverse reactions and poisoning incidences analysis of poisoning situations, sources and assessment of poison exposure, over doses of drugs and drug interactions, symptoms and management of poisoning cases with pesticides, fumigants, solvents, vapors, food toxins and cyanides.
2. Drugs adverse effects:
a) Principles, evaluation in animals, determination of LD10, LD50, ED50, therapeutic index, etc.
b) Adverse reactions, causes of adverse reactions, factors affecting side effects of drugs.
c) Drug allergy, tests for prediction of drug allergy.
Recommended books:
1. A Textbook of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy - Pratibha Nand and R.K. Khar
2. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy - Anees Siddiqul and M. Ali
3. Clinical Biochemistry - J. Marshal and K. Bangert
4. Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy - A. R. Gennaro
5. Applied Therapeutics - Lloyd Y. Young and M.A. Koda
6. Forensic Pharmacy and Ethics - S.C. Sahajan and J. B. K. Narang
7. Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy - B. M. Mithal
Course Code : BP 423
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Technology-III
Course Credit: 3.00
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Detailed of the Course:
1. Compaction and compression of powder: Physics of tablet compression, different stages of tablet compression, effect of compression force on tablet properties, strength of tablet, factors affecting the strength of tablet, mechanism of bonding to tablets, problems associated with large scale manufacturing of tablet.
2. Sustained release drug delivery systems: Definition, advantages and limitations of SR dosage forms, principle of SR dosage forms, classification and types of SR dosage forms, methods of obtaining SR effects of drugs, formulation and manufacturing of SR matrix tablets, release mechanism of drug, sustained action oral liquids, parenteral sustained action dosage form, dose calculation for SR dosage forms, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of sustained action dosage form.
3. Aerosol science and technology: Definition and classifications of aerosols, advantages and disadvantages of aerosols, propellants for aerosol manufacturing, components of aerosol formulations, systems of aerosol, container, valves and actuators for aerosols, manufacturing of aerosols, testing and quality assurance of aerosols.
4. Design and operation of clean rooms: Source of contamination, classification of clean rooms, air flow systems, conventional flow, unidirectional flow, laminar air flow units, air filtration mechanisms, fibrous filters and HEPA filters, temperature and humidity control, building design, construction and use, personnel, protective clothing, cleaning and disinfection, commissioning tests of clean and aseptic rooms, routine monitoring tests, the operation of clean and aseptic rooms, key factors in clean room operations.
5. Parenteral and ophthalmic products: Definition and classification of parenteral products, formulation considerations, vehicles and additives, containers, manufacturing consideration, environment, manufacturing techniques, raw materials and machines, quality control of parenteral products, anatomy of eye and adrena, absorption of drugs in the eye, classification of ophthalmic products, formulation, vehicles and additives, manufacturing consideration, environment, manufacturing techniques, quality control of ophthalmic products.
Recommended books:
1. The theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy- L. Lachmann, H. A. Liberman.
2. American Pharmacy- Sprowl
3. Pharmaceutics- M. E. Aulton
4. Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy - A. R. Gennaro
5. Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students- Cooper & Gunn
6. Dispensing of medication- Husa & Martin
7. Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics
8. Tutorial Pharmacy- Cooper & Gunn
9. An introduction to Pharmaceutical Formulations- Fishburn.
10. Pharmaceutical dosage dorm and Drug delivery systems- H. C. Ansel and N. G. Popoyich.
Course Code : BP 424
Course Title : Cosmetology
Course Credit: 2.00
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Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction: Cosmetology, cosmetics, classification and properties of cosmetics.
2. The skin: skin, function of skin, different layers of skin, epidermis and keratinizing system, pigmentary system, langerhans cell, dermis, nerves and sense organs, blood vessels, exocrine sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands.
3. Disorders of skin: Acne, bed sores, corns and calluses, dry skin, keratosis pilaris, pityriasis rosea, psoriasis, rosacea, impetigo, scabies, pediculosis, ringworm, eczema, leprosy, skin cancer.
4. Skin cream: Introduction, function and classification of skin creams, cold cream, vanishing creams, cleansing cream, and lotion, formulation amd manufacturing procedure of cold cream and vanishing cream, packaging and labeling of cream.
5. Shaving preparation: Introduction, lather shaving cream, brushes less or non-lathering cream, aerosol shaving foams, after shave preparations.
6. Dental products: Physiology of teeth, dental carries dental plaque, calculus, dentifrices, formulation and manufacture of toothpastes, tooth powder and mouthwash, quality control of dentifrices, packaging of dentifrices.
7. Hair products: Shampoos, function and classification of shampoo, composition of shampoo, formulation and evaluation of shampoo, hair conditioner, hair tonic etc.
8. Lip-products: Lipstick, characteristics, composition and preparation of lipstick.
9. Brief study on antiperspirant and deodorant.
Recommended books:
1. Cosmetics Science and Technology (Vol. 1 & II) - M S balsam, E. Sagarin
2. Preparation and Distribution of Drugs & Cosmetics - S. N Saha
Course Code : BP 425
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Management
Course Credit: 3.00
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Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction and supply chain management: Characteristics and importance of management, levels of management, function of management, concepts of supply chain, tasks of supply chain, strategic role of supply chain, challenges facing supply chain managers.
2. Materials management: Formulating buying policies, determining needs of materials, sourcing materials, receiving and stocking materials, management of supply bases, value chain analysis and alliance network development.
3. Inventory management: Production planning, managing the flow of materials to production, cost of inventory, methods of inventory control, selection of optimum method, effect of inventory control, economic order quantity, just in time, optimization production technology.
4. Distribution: Components of distribution organization, establishing distribution netweok, measuring the effectiveness of distribution network, management of community pharmacy and governmental pharmacy.
5. Developing cost effective transportation: Transport mode selection, private and hired transport, evaluating alternative career performance, designing optimum transportation system.
6. Managing sales force: Recruiting, training, motivating and evaluating sales force. Sales lanning, organizing sales, assigning sales territory, sales analysis.
7. Customer service: Order cycle, financial consideration, technical and logistical support.
8. Entrepreneurship: Definition, evolution of entrepreneurship, role in the economic development, qualities of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial education and career in pharmaceutical industry, social and ethical responsibilities of entrepreneurs.
9. The entrepreneurial process: Decision making, factors affecting entrepreneurial growth in pharmaceutical industry, legal issues related to entrepreneurship in pharmaceutical industry.
10. Entrepreneurial motivation: Entrepreneurial feelings, motivation and role model support system for entrepreneurship development in pharmaceutical industry.
11. Business idea development planning: Creativity and business idea, sourcing and generating idea, creative problem solving techniques, refining business idea, new product planning & development process. Venture opportunity scanning in the pharmaceutical industry, marketing plan, financial plan, organizational operation plan.
12. Managing human resource: Scope, importance, recruiting, training, motivating, industrial relations.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Handfield R Robert
2. Managing the Global Supply Chain - Philip B Schary
3. Strategic Physical Distribution Management - Douglas M Lambert
4. Bowersox: Phyusical Distrribution
5. Introduction to Sales Management - H R Tesdal
6. Entrepreneurship Development - Hisrich, Robert D & Peters Michael P
7. Entrepreneurship Development - Khanka S S
Course Code : BP 426
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Packaging Technology
Course Credit: 3.0
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Detailed of the Course:
1. Introduction: Packaging, classification of packaging, packaging essential requirements, functions of packaging, importance of pharmaceutical packaging, the main packaging materials, properties of ideal packaging materials, packaging formats in pharmaceutical industry. classification of packaging and packaging materials, blister packaging, foil packaging, ancillary materials used in packaging (adhesives, paper, paperboard, leaflets, package insert, package ousters, fiberboard, jute, wood).
2. Packaging materials for pharmaceutical products:
i. Polymers and plastics: Plastics, the structure of polymers, raw materials of plastics, types of plastics, resin identification code, availability of recycling facilities, plastics and packaging.
ii. Glass: Selection of glass as packaging materials for the pharmaceutical products, properties of glass, production of glass, types of glass , other types of glass, factors other than usp type, manufacturing of glass containers, features of glass containers, test for glass containers, advantages and disadvantages of glass containers, uses of glass containers.
iii. Metals in packaging: Introduction, aluminium, aluminium foil, collapsible tubes, tin, lead, stainless steel.
3. Containers and closures for pharmaceutical packaging:
Definitions, cGMP & USP requirements on containers and closures, additional considerations, containers for bulk drug substances, AAO recommended color coding of caps and labels for topical ophthalmic medications, information that typically should be submitted for liquid-based oral and topical drug products, solid oral drug products and powders and for topical drug delivery system.
4. Tamper resistant packaging and child resistant packaging:
Definition, history of tamper- evident packaging, regulatory aspects of tamper- evident packaging, anti-tampering regulation, importance of tamper resistant packaging and child resistant packaging, tamper resistant packaging requirement for OTC human drug products, various technologies for making a package tamper evident, reducing the risk of product tampering.
5. Desiccants used in pharmaceutical packaging:
Definitions, types of desiccants, desiccant sachets, a general comparison of desiccant properties, a general comparison of properties of sachet materials, importance and application of desiccant in pharmaceutical industry, safety requirements of desiccants.
6. Different packaging machines and accessories:
Blister packing machine, sachet packing machine, strip packaging machine.
7. Testing and quality assurance of packaging materials:
Leakage detection in sterile products(ampoules, vials), leakage test (bubble point test for strip and blister packet).
8. The package line and packaging functions.
Recommended books:
1. Pharmaceuticals Packaging Technology - D.A.Dean, E.R.Evans, I.H.Hall
2. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy - L. Lachman, H.A. Liebernan
3. Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students - S. J. Carter
4. Pharmaceutics, the Science of Dosage Form Design - M. E. Aulton
5. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems - H. C. Ansel
6. Remington, The Sciece and Practice of Pharmacy - A. R. Gennaro
7. Guidelines on packaging for pharmaceutical products (World Health Organization WHO Technical Report Series, No. 902, 2002)
Course Code : BP 427
Course Title : Pharmaceutical Technology-III Lab
Course Credit: 1.0
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Detailed of the Course:
1. Preparation of water for injection, preparation of injection of (a) procaine and adrenaline (b) procaine benzylpenicillin with benzylpenicillin;
2. Studies on the of formulation and problems on opthalmic preparations and sustained releases products
3. Preparation of vanishing cream.
4. Preparation of cold cream.
Course Code : BP 428
Course Title : Cosmetology Lab
Course Credit: 1.00
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Detailed of the Course:
Preparations of different types of cosmetic products such as skin products (lotions, soap), saving preparations (lether saving cream and after save preparation), Hair products (shampoos), dental products (toothpaste) and their stability testing.
Course Code : BP 429
Course Title : Oral Assessment
Course Credit: 1.00
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Detailed of the Course:
Oral assessment will be held on the basis of the courses studied during the semester.
Course Code : BP 430
Course Title : In-plant Training
Course Credit: Non Credit
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Detailed of the Course:
At the end of fourth year the students will undergo in-plant training program for 4 weeks in Pharmaceutical Industries. After completion of the training program successfully the students will have to submit a report to the department and the report will be evaluated by the examiners of related field. In addition the students will have to present a short seminar.
Only for the students who did not take Mathematics in higher secondary certificate (HSC) examination
Basic Mathematics
Course Credit: 3.00 (Non Credit)
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1. Algebra:
a. Fundamental theorem of algebra, relation between roots and coefficients, descartes rule of signs.
b. Logarithm and exponential theorem
c. Complex numbers and their properties
d. Arithmetic and geometric progression
2. Differential and integral calculus
a. Functions: Domain, range, inverse and graphs of functions, limits, continuity and differentiability, indeterminate forms.
b. Ordinary differentiation: Differentiation, successive differentiation.
c. Expansions of functions: Rolle’s Theorem, Mean value theorem, Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s formulae.
d. Indefinite integrals: Method of substitution, integration by parts, special trigonometric functions and rational fractions.
e. Definite integrals: Fundamental theorem, general properties, evaluations of definite integrals and reduction formulas.
3. Coordinate geometry
a. Co-ordinates, polar co-ordinates
b. The straight line, pair of straight lines
c. Circles, system of circles
Books Recommended
1. Hall and Knight: Higher Algebra
2. Bernard and Child: Higher Algebra
3. B. C. Das and B. N. Mukherjee: Differential Calculus, U. N. Dhur & Sons
4. B. C. Das and B. N. Mukherjee: Integral Calculus, U. N. Dhur & Sons
5. Joseph Edwards: Differential Calculus, Kessinger Publishing
6. Rahman, A. F. M. Abdur, Bhattacharjee, P.K. : Atext book on of coordinate geometry with vector analysis.