Inverse S-shaped Meander Line Antenna Loaded with Slotted Parasitic Patch and Defected Ground for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

This paper introduces a microstrip patch antenna operating at the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band, specifically suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed antenna comprises a compact 40 × 10 × 1.6 mm3 design using an inverse S-shaped meander line, defected ground, and slotted parasitic patch to achieve enhanced bandwidth and very low return loss, contributing significantly to antenna design for IoT applications. FR-4 material is used as substrate for this antenna. The proposed antenna achieves a measured return loss of −24.67 dB at 2.4 GHz, with a bandwidth of 8.75%. Moreover, it provides a gain of 1.14 dB with an efficiency of 73.35%. Also, the designed antenna is integrated into a home automation system to verify its performance in IoT application and the results are highly satisfactory.