Healthcare access and expenditure patterns: a case study on financial burden and service utilization in Binodpur, Rajshahi city, Bangladesh

Access to healthcare and the financial burden of medical expenses remain critical challenges in Bangladesh, particularly among low- and middle-income households. This study investigates healthcare access patterns and expenditure burdens in Binodpur, a northeastern area of Rajshahi City. Based on primary data from 140 respondents collected through interviews and field observations, we examine the proportion of income allocated to healthcare, identify common financing sources for medical costs, and assess post-recovery productivity loss. The findings reveal that households spend an average of 6% of their total income on healthcare, with higher-income groups allocating up to 11% due to chronic illnesses. Moreover, 29% of respondents reported monthly income losses ranging from 2,600 to 3,000 BDT (approximately 21–25 USD) due to illness-related work disruptions. Regression analysis shows a significant relationship between yearly income and healthcare expenditure (p < 0.001), highlighting income as a major determinant of healthcare access. These results emphasize the need for targeted health financing strategies and policy interventions to reduce the out-of-pocket burden and improve equitable healthcare access in Bangladesh.