Background Kidney stone is the major cause of morbidity, and its prevalence is increasing in the world. Kidney stonedisease is a common cause of morbidity, and its prevalence is increasing in the world. This study aimed to determinethe prevalence of kidney stone disease and to evaluate the correlation between drinking water sources (tap andtube-well) and various demographic, dietary, and clinical factors among adult attendees of Rajshahi Medical CollegeHospital (RMCH).Methods This cross-sectional study was performed from January to June 2024 at the inpatient and outpatientdepartments of RMCH in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. The data was collected by face-to-face interview with a well-structured questionnaire directly. SPSS (IBM version 23) was used for data analysis. A cross-tabulation analysis andbinary logistic regression analysis were performed in this research to find the significant factors affecting kidneystones.Results The proportion of stone formers among adult attendees of RMCH was calculated to be 72.27% in malesand 74.3% in females, respectively. The higher prevalence of kidney stones (75.53%) was found in people aged41–70 years. Dietary practices, volume and kind of drinking water, drinking tube-well water clinical and biochemicalcharacteristics were found to be associated with kidney stone status. The results also showed that the chance ofhaving a kidney stone was higher in diabetic (74.35%), hypertensive (67.90%), and fatty liver (100%) individuals.Logistic regression analysis identified drinking tap water as an independent predictor of kidney stones.Conclusions This study highlights important demographic, dietary, clinical, and biochemical risk factors associatedwith kidney stone prevalence among adult attendees of RMCH in the Rajshahi region of Bangladesh. The findings mayassist in developing targeted preventive strategies and public health interventions.Keywords Kidney stones, Prevalence, Drinking water source, Dietary habits, Logistic regression, Rajshahi
