Exploring the Factors Influencing the Non-Prescription Use of Medication in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aims Use of non-prescription drugs is a significant health concern for the population in Bangladesh. The ease of access to medicines, the high price of healthcare and lack of information on how to take the drugs properly promote such a practice. The purpose of the study was to single out the demographic, behavioral, and knowledge-related variables connected with taking medicines without a doctor's prescription. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 504 participants through online and face-to-face data collection. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, behavior related to medication use, and knowledge concerning medicine regulations. The data was summarized using descriptive statistics. The Chi-square test was used to test the relationship between variables. The use of multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis revealed predictors that are significant. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were provided, with p < 0.05 being the statistical significance level. Results One in five respondents had taken over-the-counter medicines owing to the high cost of healthcare. Approximately one out of every four indicated that they could easily obtain medicines without a prescription in pharmacies. The majority of the participants (82.1%) felt that there should be a public education program to ensure that people do not use improper medications. The results of the MLR analysis revealed that self-diagnosing individuals tended to overdose (OR = 2.806; 95% CI: 1.535–5.129; p = 0.001). The use of non-prescription medications was also linked to poor knowledge regarding proper use of medicines (OR = 7.078; 95% CI: 1.448–34.601; p = 0.02). Conclusion The use of non-prescription medication is prominent in Bangladesh and is determined by self-diagnosis, easy access to drugs, and also ignorance. This practice can be minimized by employing public awareness programs and enhanced regulation.