Landscaping Theory and Lean Tourism: Evidence from the World's Longest Natural Sea Beach

The symbiotic relationship between landscape and tourism is fundamental, as both natural and man-made environments serve as primary drivers for visitor experiences and economic opportunities. This study explores the intersection of landscaping theory and Lean Tourism at Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh—the world's longest natural sea beach. By integrating aesthetic and environmental management, landscaping theory facilitates a visual-spatial presentation that enhances tourist appeal while promoting sustainable resource utilization. To evaluate the impact of strategic landscaping on Lean Tourism, this research employs a multifaceted framework. It utilizes Value Stream Mapping, Just-In-Time (JIT) systems, and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model to examine how optimized spatial design minimizes waste and ecological footprints. Furthermore, the principles of Kaizen are applied to ensure continuous improvement in coastal management and community engagement. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Path Analysis to determine how landscaping variables influence the efficiency and long-term viability of the tourism sector. The findings underscore the critical role of landscaping in creating a streamlined, value-driven destination that balances economic growth with the preservation of the coastal ecosystem.