Triple factors impact of migration on social change : An exploration from a village of Bangladesh.

The study explores the impacts of migration and remittances on changes in Vanurkanda Village, Bangladesh. Thirty-three migrants’ households are purposively selected for in-depth interviews and a baseline survey of all migrant households. A ‘path dependence’ qualitative data analysis method is used to analyze the interview data, while some descriptive statistical measures analyze the baseline survey data. The study found that three factors—migration itself, financial remittances, and social remittances—work together to transform the village. Migrants' wives enjoy greater autonomy but face increased workloads and emotional distress, while migrants’ absence has boosted their children’s educational attainment and led to higher drug addiction. Financial remittances significantly impact their families' housing, water, sanitation, education, health, purchasing power, and household asset investments. However, these remittances can also have negative effects, such as abuse, smartphone addiction, and declining school performance. Additionally, remittances influence non-economic indicators. Like financial remittances, migrants also bring about social remittances that change their lives by altering occupations, values, attitudes toward women, increasing religiosity, and utilizing overseas networks to secure jobs for family members and friends. Thus, all these positive and negative changes have deeply transformed Vanurkanda Village.