Climate Change, Extreme Weather, and Mortality: A Review of Global Disparities

Extreme weather events are expected to become more often and severe as a result of climate change in many parts of the world. So, it is crucial to study and perceive the impacts of climate change- related extreme weather events on population especially on public health. This review article analyzed 35 research articles to understand how extreme weather events influence death rates. The study used thematic analysis to combine the data from the selected articles. The findings of the research show that climate change affects mortality both directly and indirectly. Among extreme weather events, extreme temperatures emerge as the most significant direct contributor to mortality disparities. Additionally, indirect factors such as floods, droughts, heavy precipitation, air pollution, food scarcity, malnutrition, and climate-sensitive diseases further exacerbate health risks. The impact of climate change on mortality is not uniform but varies based on geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Pregnant women, infants, young children, and older adults are at the highest risk. This paper also discusses strategies to reduce the impact of climate change on public health. Finally, the study underscores key considerations for policymakers in designing and refining policies that enhance public health resilience in the face of climate change.