Profitability, Resource Efficiency, and Constraints of Fish Farming in Naogaon, Bangladesh: A Cobb-Douglas Production Function Approach

Abstract Fish farming significantly contributes to food security, income generation, and rural development in Bangladesh. This study assesses the profitability and resource use efficiency of fish farming in Atrai, Raninagar, and Badalgachhi Upazilas of Naogaon District, based on a survey of 300 randomly selected farmers. Using the Cobb-Douglas production function, profitability was measured through Net Return and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), while efficiency was analyzed via Marginal Value Product (MVP) and Marginal Factor Cost (MFC). The average BCR was 1.42, indicating fish farming is economically viable. Regression analysis identified fish seed, feed cost, pond size, farmer experience, training, and credit access as key factors influencing production. Efficiency analysis showed underutilization of inputs like fish seed and training, and overuse of labor and water management. Kendall’s W Test highlighted major constraints, including limited credit, high feed costs, and lack of training. Policy support in credit access, input subsidies, and extension services is recommended.